Anticoagulant screening of marine algae from Mexico, and partial characterization of the active sulfated polysaccharide from Eisenia arborea.

M Muñoz-Ochoa,J I Murillo-Alvarez,D L Arvizu-Higuera,G Hernández-Carmona,Y E Rodrí­Guez-Montesinos,J Lizardi-Mendoza,J Peralta-Cruz

doi:10.37543/oceanides.v24i1.52

Abstract

The in vitro anticoagulant activity of 41 water extracts of various seaweeds from Baja CaliforniaSur, Mexico was evaluated. In this study, nine extracts exhibited anticoagulant activity in the prothrombin time assay and 29 extracts were positive in the activated partial thromboplastin time assay. The water extract obtained at 25 °C from the brown seaweed Eisenia arborea was the most active in both assays, increasing the normal blood clotting-time over 300 s at 100 mg mL-1. The fractionation of this extract by anion exchangechromatography yielded 3 fractions. Fraction 2 eluted with 1.0 M sodium chloride increased the clotting-time over 300 s in the activated partial-thromboplastin time assay at 5 mg mL-1, being more active than sodium heparin. Chemical and spectroscopic analysis of fraction 2 showed it to be a sulfated heterofucan composed of 56.2 % ± 0.1% of total sugars and 45 % of sulfates.The neutral sugar constituents of the active heterofucan was determined to be 47.6 % fucose, 35.5 % xylose and 16.9 % rhamnose, with substitutions of sulfate groups at C-4 (axial), and minor substitutions at C-2 and-or C-3.

Highlights

IntroductionThe algal polysaccharides have long been recognized to have several biological activities (Teixeira & Hellewell, 1997; Schaeffer & Krylov, 2000; Haround-Bouhedja et al, 2002), their potent anticoagulant activity has been the most studied (Shanmugam & Mody, 2000; Melo et al, 2004)
The most active was the extract of Eisenia arborea obtained at 25 °C, followed by the extracts of Codium cuneatum, Drudresnaya colombiana, Cladophora sericea, Gracilaria subsecundata, and Hydroclathrus clathratus
From the five algal chlorophytes assayed for anticoagulant activity, Cladophora sericea and the three species of Codium (C. cuneatum, C. amplivesiculatum, and C. brandegeeii) were actives

Summary

Introduction

The algal polysaccharides have long been recognized to have several biological activities (Teixeira & Hellewell, 1997; Schaeffer & Krylov, 2000; Haround-Bouhedja et al, 2002), their potent anticoagulant activity has been the most studied (Shanmugam & Mody, 2000; Melo et al, 2004). We first screened forty one water extracts from twenty one algae for anticoagulant activity in vitro. The selected extract was fractionated by ion exchange chromatography and the structure and anticoagulant activity of the fractions were partially characterized

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Conclusion