Abstract
In this study, we aimed at characterizing the structure and the anticoagulant activity of a polysaccharide fraction (AGP33) isolated from the gonads of Haliotis discus hannai Ino. AGP33 was extracted by enzymatic hydrolysis and purified by ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. The backbone fraction of AGP33 (BAGP33), which appeared to contain of mannose, glucose and galactose, was prepared by partial acid hydrolysis. According to methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the backbone of AGP33 was identified as mainly consisting of 1→3-linked, 1→4-linked, and 1→6-linked monosaccharides. AGP33 is a sulfated polysaccharide with sulfates occur at 3-O- and 4-O-positions. It prolonged thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombin time (PT) compared to a saline control solution in a dosage-dependent manner. AGP33 exhibited an extension (p < 0.01) of APTT compared to the saline group at concentrations higher than 5 μg/mL. AGP33 exhibited higher anticoagulant activity than its desulfated product (AGP33-des) and BAGP33. The results showed that polysaccharide with higher molecular weight and sulfate content demonstrated greater anticoagulant activity.
Highlights
Abalone, a very large edible sea snail, is a marine gastropod mollusc which belongs to the Haliotidae family
An earlier study has shown that polysaccharides from abalone gonads were sulfated polymers accounting for one-tenth of the total gonad mass [2]
It is widely recognized that most of the sulfated polysaccharides can serve as anticoagulants [3,4,5,6]
Summary
A very large edible sea snail, is a marine gastropod mollusc which belongs to the Haliotidae family. Haliotis discus hannai Ino has been regarded as a functional food since ancient times in China, and the aquacultural production of this species reached 115,397 ton in 2014 [1] the gonads, which account for one-third of the total mass of abalone pleopod, are routinely discarded during processing. An earlier study has shown that polysaccharides from abalone gonads were sulfated polymers accounting for one-tenth of the total gonad mass [2]. It is widely recognized that most of the sulfated polysaccharides can serve as anticoagulants [3,4,5,6]. The potent anticoagulant heparin can activate antithrombin III, which blocks thrombin from clotting the blood stream. The availability of Molecules 2016, 21, 697; doi:10.3390/molecules21060697 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
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