Anticipated Overfiring in Porcelain Tiles: Effects of the firing cycle and green bulk density

Abstract

In order to reduce production costs, the ceramic tiles have been produced in ever faster firing cycles. One of the undesirable consequences of the acceleration of the firing cycles is the anticipated overfiring, when the tiles stop shrinking and start to expand before the water absorption reaches the required values. The present study evaluated, through statistical analysis (DOE), the effects of the main characteristics of the firing cycle and the green bulk density of the compacts of porcelain tiles on this phenomenon. The results showed that the main factors responsible for porcelain tiles anticipated overfiring are very short holding periods on firing and relatively low green densities. The results also suggest that these factors contribute to the expressively heterogeneous development of the microstructure of the products, which may contribute to the development of the anticipated overfiring.