Abstract
The present work demonstrates the synthesis, characterization and biological activities of different concentrations of tin doped indium oxide nanoparticles (Sn doped In2O3 NPs), i.e., (Sn/In = 5%, 10% and 15%). We have synthesized different size (38.11 nm, 18.46 nm and 10.21 nm) of Sn doped In2O3 NPs. by using an ultra-sonication process. The Sn doped In2O3 NPs were characterized by by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which confirmed the successful doping of tin (Sn) with Indium oxide (In2O3). Anticandidal activity was performed by standard agar dilution method using Candida albicans for the study. The minimum inhibitory/fungicidal concentration (MIC/MFC) values recorded were, 8 & >8 mg/ml for pure In2O3 NPs, 4 & 8 mg/ml for 5%, 2 & 8 mg/ml for 10%, whereas 1 & >4 mg/ml for 15% Sn doped In2O3 NPs, respectively. The topographical alteration caused by Sn doped In2O3 NPs on Candida cells, was clearly observed by SEM examination. A significant enhancement in anticandidal activity was seen, when Candida cells were exposed to (Sn/In = 5%, 10% and 15%). Moreover, we have also evaluated the impact of Sn-In2O3 NPs on human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116). The results demonstrated that Sn-In2O3 NPs (Sn/In = 5%, 10% and 15%), caused dose dependent decrease in the cancer cell viability as the low dosage (2.0 mg/mL) showed 62.11% cell viability, while 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, 32.0 mg/mL dosages showed 20.45%, 18.25%, 16.58%, and 15.58% cell viability. In addition, the treatment of Sn-In2O3 NPs also showed significant cellular and anatomical changes in cancer cells as examined by microscopes. We have also examined the impact of Sn-In2O3 NPs (5%, 10%, 15%) on normal cells (HEK-293) and the results demonstrate that Sn-In2O3 NPs did not reduce the cell viability of normal cells.
Highlights
Them distinct from their corresponding bulk size material[3]
The present study investigates the effect of successful doping of tin (Sn) doping on structural properties by X-ray diffraction x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and TEM
The peak positions of XRD patterns of 10% and 15% Sn doped In2O3 NPs, demonstrated the characteristic reflections indexed to the standard of a cubic lattice of In2O3 (JCPDS No 06-0416)[23]
Summary
Them distinct from their corresponding bulk size material[3]. The NPs have been utilized in the preparation of drugs, detection of protein and pathogens, treatment of different cancers, separation and purification of biological molecules and cells[4]. Number of studies on the synthesis of different structured In2O3 like nanotubes, nanowires, nanobelts, nanofibers, have been reported for wide applications[10]. Sn is reported to possess antimicrobial activities and has been widely used as a promising dopant with oxides like, In2O3 and ZnO, for enhancing the antimicrobial, electrical, optical and structural properties[11,12,13,14]. We have made an attempt to study the impact of tin (Sn) doped indium oxide (Sn-In203) nanoparticles (NPs) on human colon cancer cells (HCT-116). The synthesis of Sn-In2O3 NPs by wet chemistry techniques shows an effective control over the morphology, crystallinity and size of the particles. To the best of our knowledge, the study of impact of Sn content over indium oxide on the biological properties has not been reported so far. Biological activities of the materials were assessed by using both plate assays and morphological analysis by microscopy
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