Anticancer potential of various extracts of the marine sponge Halichondriidae sp. from Kangean Island

Abstract

Sponge Halichondriidae sp. obtained from the Kangean Islands belongs to the Demospongiae class, which has much potential in drug development, especially to treat cancer. The study aims to extract the Halichondriidae sponge with various solvents n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and MeOH. Each extract was tested for its anti-cancer activity, including toxicity test against Artemia salina Leach, antioxidant test against DPPH, and in silico molecular docking test against breast cancer receptors (3E6I), lung cancer (3PGH), pancreatic cancer (1OV3), and triggers oxidative (4AOS). The toxicity test results showed that the EtOAc extract gave the highest toxicity with an LC50 value of 110.02±1.932 μg/mL. The test results for the ability of radical scavenging against DPPH radicals show that MeOH extract provides the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 51.55±0.130 μg/mL. Based on the chromatogram and mass spectrum measurement results of LC-HRMS, it is known that the MeOH extract contains alkaloid, terpenoid, and phenolic compounds, which are the model ligands tested in silico (molecular docking) against cancer receptors. The molecular docking results showed that naringin had the best inhibitory activity against the CYP2E1 receptor in the 3E6I receptor and the NADPH oxidase enzyme (1OV3). Similarly, the cyclo-β showed inhibitory effects against the receptor enzyme monooxygenase (4AOS) and cyclooxygenase- 2 (3PGH).