Abstract
Natural compounds extracted from plants have gained immense importance in the fight against cancer cells due to their lesser toxicity and potential therapeutic effects. Raddeanin A (RA), an oleanane type triterpenoid is a major compound isolated from Anemone raddeana Regel. As an anticancer agent, RA induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibits invasion, migration and angiogenesis in malignant cell lines as well as in preclinical models. In this systemic review, the pharmacological effects of RA and its underlying molecular mechanisms were carefully analyzed and potential molecular targets have been highlighted. The apoptotic potential of RA can be mediated through the modulation of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, cytochrome c and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway serves as the major molecular target affected by RA. Furthermore, RA can block cell proliferation through inhibition of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells. RA can also alter the activation of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways to suppress invasion and metastasis. RA has also exhibited promising anticancer potential against drug resistant cancer cells and can enhance the anticancer effects of several chemotherapeutic agents. Overall, RA may function as a promising compound in combating cancer, although further in-depth study is required under clinical settings to validate its efficacy in cancer patients.
Highlights
Cancer is a disease which arises through uncontrolled cell division leading to the formation of a tumor, which metastasizes to other body parts through the lymphatic and circulatory systems [1].According to latest reports, around 18.1 million people were affected worldwide from different types of cancer in 2018
This review provides a comprehensive detail about the diverse anticancer potential of Raddeanin A (RA) in both in vitro and in vivo studies
The effect of RA is mainly exerted through the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and the inhibition of cell proliferation along with modulating cell signaling mechanisms in breast, cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal, liver, lung, prostate and osteosarcoma
Summary
Cancer is a disease which arises through uncontrolled cell division leading to the formation of a tumor, which metastasizes to other body parts through the lymphatic and circulatory systems [1]. Saponins are reported to metastatic, invasive and angiogenic potential of cancer cells [19,20,21]. Various studies has shown that RA possesses cytotoxic potential through inhibition of proliferation, invasion and induction of apoptosis in multiple human carcinogenic cells including reported for RA [31]. Various studies has shown that RA possesses cytotoxic potential through breastinhibition cancer, hepatocellular gastric cancer, and non-small cellhuman lung carcinoma cells of proliferation,carcinoma, invasion and induction of apoptosis in multiple carcinogenic cells[35,36,37,38]. RA can be useditsincytotoxicity combination with other anti-cancer drugs to on account of its reported pharmacological safety, can be used in combination with antienhance the sensitivity against resistant tumor cells. Cytotoxic and therapeutic potential of RA has been comprehensively analyzed
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