Anticancer Potential of Hemidesmus indicus-enriched Pt/Au Bimetallic Nanoparticles against Human Breast and Skin Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

Background: Worldwide, cancer has become the most disastrous disease, causing an enormous number of deaths in the population. According to GLOBOCON, in the year 2020, there were 1.93 crore cases of cancer reported and 10 million deaths caused by cancer. Methods: Metallic nanoparticles, such as gold, silver, and platinum, which possess properties of bioenvironmental stability, safety, and lower toxicity, have become preferred materials for drug delivery. Bimetallic nanoparticles, in particular, have shown enhanced optical, magnetic, electrical, catalytic, and medicinal properties compared to monometallic nanoparticles. We have developed goldplatinum PtAuBNPs containing H. indicus methanolic extract using a green synthesis approach. The PtAuBNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, particle size analysis, zeta potential measurement, and surface characteristics using TEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and DSC. The anticancer activity of PtAuBNPs was investigated using two distinctive cell lines, MCF-7 and B16F10. Results: The change in the colour of the prepared systems after incubation indicated the development of nanoparticles, as analysed by UV spectroscopy. The PtAuBNPs showed a particle size of 243.3 nm and a zeta potential of -14.4 mV. TEM analysis showed the hexagonal and cubic nature of the nanoparticles. XRD analysis indicated the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. The bimetallic nanoparticles showed greater anticancer activity against the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and the skin cancer cell line (B16F10), with IC50 values of 35.52µg mL-1and 30.22 µg mL-1, respectively, which have been found to be lower than the standard 5-FU. Conclusion: The development of PtAuBNPs may pave the way for a new era of enhancing the anticancer activity of herbal extracts through the synergistic effects of gold and platinum metals. The developed PtAuBNPs have been shown to exhibit excellent anticancer activity against skin and breast cancer.