Abstract
Catharanthus roseus is an important medicinal plant found in various parts of the world and the bioactive compound has been extracted and used as anti-cancer agent to treat the cancer over decades. However, the extraction of bioactive compound also results in the generation of large quantities of pollution with wasted solvents. Toxic pollution occurs when synthetic chemicals are discharged or natural chemicals accumulate to toxic levels in the environment, causing reductions in wildlife numbers, degrading ecosystem functions and threatening human health. This review covers the extraction and phytochemical obtained leading to chemical compounds related to anti-cancer property of C. roseus . Additionally, recent advances of using biological cell cultures were also addressed. Thus, this work can be used for further investigation of C. roseus to be undertaken in future for its anti-cancer property further development and efficient production in drug industry
Highlights
Cancer is a disease that in which a group of abnormal cells grow uncontrollably beyond usual boundaries by disregarding the normal rules of cell division and causing a lump known as tumour
Catharanthus roseus is an important medicinal plant found in various parts of the world and the bioactive compound has been extracted and used as anticancer agent to treat the cancer over decades
This review covers the extraction and phytochemical obtained leading to chemical compounds related to anti-cancer property of C. roseus
Summary
Cancer is a disease that in which a group of abnormal cells grow uncontrollably beyond usual boundaries by disregarding the normal rules of cell division and causing a lump known as tumour. C. roseus produce several indole alkaloids, named as Vinka alkaloids, which is widely used as antimitotic drugs in the treatment of cancer (Almagro et al, 2015) This includes natural products like vincristine and vinblastine, the first anticancer agents used clinically (Sottomayor et al, 2005) and their semisynthetic derivatives like vindesine, vinorelbine and vinflunine (Van der Heijden et al, 2004; Moudi et al, 2013). To arrest tumour cells cycle during mitosis, Vinca alkaloids and their derivatives act by binding at the surface between two tubulin heterodimers next to the exchangeable GTP-binding site and depolymerizing the MTs (Morris and Fornier, 2008; Bolanos-Garcia, 2009) The affinity of both natural Vinca alkaloids from C. roseus or their semisynthetic analogues and derivatives for tubulin heterodimers appears to be the same but it is characterized by the decrease of the overall equilibrium constants as following order: vincristine > vinblastine > vinorelbine > vinflunine (Gigant et al, 2005; Okouneva et al, 2003). The complexes of these alkaloids with α, β-tubulin are stabilized by van der Waals forces and electrostatic interaction energy through common binding site
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