Abstract
Background: Carnosine is a dipeptide molecule (β-alanyl-l-histidine) with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-glycation, and chelating properties. It is used in exercise physiology as a food supplement to increase performance; however, in vitro evidence suggests that carnosine may exhibit anti-cancer properties. Methods: In this study, we investigated the effect of carnosine on breast, ovarian, colon, and leukemic cancer cell proliferation. We further examined U937 promonocytic, human myeloid leukemia cell phenotype, gene expression, and cytokine secretion to determine if these are linked to carnosine’s anti-proliferative properties. Results: Carnosine (1) inhibits breast, ovarian, colon, and leukemic cancer cell proliferation; (2) upregulates expression of pro-inflammatory molecules; (3) modulates cytokine secretion; and (4) alters U937 differentiation and phenotype. Conclusion: These effects may have implications for a role for carnosine in anti-cancer therapy.
Highlights
U937 is a promonocytic, human myeloid leukemia cell line that was originally isolated from a histiocytic lymphoma patient [1]
Significant upregulation in gene expres3soifo1n0 was observed for IL-8, CCL2, CD86, IL-1β, CCR5, Ly96, interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), C3, and TNF (Figure 2B)
IL-8, CCL2, and CCR5 are involved in chemotaxis; C3 is important for monocyte adhesion
Summary
U937 is a promonocytic, human myeloid leukemia cell line that was originally isolated from a histiocytic lymphoma patient [1]. Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide molecule (β-alanyl-L-histidine) with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-glycation, and chelating properties [4]. It is found at endogenous concentrations of up to 20 mM in humans, predominantly in the brain and skeletal muscle [5]. Carnosine is a dipeptide molecule (β-alanyl-L-histidine) with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-glycation, and chelating properties It is used in exercise physiology as a food supplement to increase performance; in vitro evidence suggests that carnosine may exhibit anti-cancer properties. Results: Carnosine (1) inhibits breast, ovarian, colon, and leukemic cancer cell proliferation; (2) upregulates expression of pro-inflammatory molecules; (3) modulates cytokine secretion; and (4) alters U937 differentiation and phenotype. Conclusion: These effects may have implications for a role for carnosine in anti-cancer therapy
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