Abstract
BackgroundFlavonoids are a diverse family of natural phenolic compounds commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Epidemiologic studies showed that flavonoids also reduce the risk of colon cancer. Tectochrysin is one of the major flavonoids of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel. However, the anti-cancer effects and the molecular mechanisms of tectochrysin in colon cancer cells have not yet been reported. We investigated whether tectochrysin could inhibit colon cancer cell growth at 1, 5, 10 μg/ml. In in vivo study, we injected a tectochrysin treatment dose of 5 mg/kg to each mouse.ResultsTectochrysin suppressed the growth of SW480 and HCT116 human colon cancer cells. The expression of DR3, DR4 and Fas were significantly increased, and pro-apoptotic proteins were also increased. Tectochrysin treatment also inhibited activity of NF-κB. A docking model indicated that tectochrysin binds directly to the p50 unit. In in vivo, tumor weights and volumes in mice were reduced when treated with tectochrysin. Tectochrysin leads to apoptotic cell death in colon cancer cells through activation of death receptors expression via the inhibition of NF-κB.ConclusionsTectochrysin can be a useful agent for the treatment of colon cancer cell growth as well as an adjuvant agent for chemo-resistant cancer cells growth.
Highlights
Flavonoids are a diverse family of natural phenolic compounds commonly found in fruits and vegetables
Several of our studies have demonstrated that compounds inhibiting Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) have shown to be useful for inhibition of colon cancer cell growth. 4-O-methylhonokiol and inflexinol inhibited colon cancer cell growth through suppression of NF-κB pathway [13, 14]
Effect of tectochrysin on cell growth and apoptosis cell death To assess the inhibitory effect of tectochrysin on cell growth of colon cancer cells (SW480, HCT116), we analyzed cell viability by MTT assay
Summary
Flavonoids are a diverse family of natural phenolic compounds commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Tectochrysin is one of the major flavonoids of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel. The anti-cancer effects and the molecular mechanisms of tectochrysin in colon cancer cells have not yet been reported. We injected a tectochrysin treatment dose of 5 mg/kg to each mouse. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are used for treating colon cancer patients [3]. Those treatments are not sufficient because of resistance against chemotherapy, toxicity and side-effects. It is urgent to develop novel anti-cancer agents with fewer side effects to satisfy the unfulfilled therapeutic demands of patients. Apoptosis plays an important role in anti-cancer effects of chemotherapeutics [4].
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