Abstract
Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori. is a native desert tree growing in United Arab Emirates (UAE). The plant is being cultivated in many parts of UAE, owing to its uses in traditional medicinal and food systems. In the present study bioactivities of cultivated M. peregrina species samples are evaluated with cytotoxic studies in the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2). Different extracts with hexane, chloroform, acetone and methanol were prepared from tubers, leaves and stem of M. peregrina for estimating their antioxidant contents and anticancer activities. The study was performed at different concentrations and all the extracts showed dose-depended response on both the cell lines. Among the extracts tested, the chloroform extract of stem showed remarkable anti-proliferative/cell death activity (IC50 = 45.53 µg/mL of 48 h incubation and 33.32 µg/mL of 72 h incubation) on MCF-7 cell lines. Whereas the same extract showed comparatively less activity (IC50 = 93.75 µg/mL of 48 h incubation and 87.76 µg/mL of 72 h incubation) on Caco-2 cell lines. The anti-proliferative effect of leaf extract with chloroform showed a drastic change in cell viability from 48 to 72 h incubation, in MCF-7 cells 220 to 87.5 µg/mL and in Caco-2 cells 500.9 to 72.9 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, less than 200 µg/mL of IC50 values reported in hexane extracts of tubers (188.6 µg/mL for 48 h and 164.3 µg/mL for 72 h), acetone extracts of tubers (167.4 µg/mL for 72 h) and acetone extracts of stem (171.5 µg/mL for 48 h and 101.7 µg/mL for 72 h) on MCF-7 cells. PARP (Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase) cleavage assay and DNA fragmentation assay performed to understand the cause of cell death. Treatment of extract on the normal fibroblast cell line required more concentration for cytotoxicity compared to the treatment on the cancer cells. This ability of the extract proved the anti-cancer property of the M. peregrina extract from the stem, tuber and leaves. The information provided in the present study enables further studies on the isolation and characterization of an anticancer molecule from the tubers of M. peregrina.
Highlights
IntroductionCancer is one of the serious causes of human mortality and the global cancer burden estimates 9.6 million deaths and 18.1 million new cases in 2018 [1,2]
This article is an open access articleCancer is one of the serious causes of human mortality and the global cancer burden estimates 9.6 million deaths and 18.1 million new cases in 2018 [1,2]
Chemotherapy is a very effective treatment option when used in combination with other therapies [4]
Summary
Cancer is one of the serious causes of human mortality and the global cancer burden estimates 9.6 million deaths and 18.1 million new cases in 2018 [1,2]. We summarized reports of traditional uses, pharmacological efficacy and phytochemistry of M. peregrina [27], and evaluated the chemical composition and antioxidant potential of essential oil from its seeds [28] This plant has a wide range of traditional medicinal uses and has been screened for various pharmacological activities [29,30,31,32]. Anti-cancer properties of its essential oils are reported earlier [41], but the research about the ability of different extracts from different parts of M. peregrina and their potential in managing cancers is scanty. This investigation is aimed to study the anti-proliferative and apoptotic potential of various parts viz.
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