Anticancer Activity of Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell. var. Crustacean on Human HCT116 Colon Cancer Cell via Cellular Lipid and β-sheet Protein Accumulation

Abstract

Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell. var. crustacean or “Ya Kap Hoi: YKH”, which is an edible vegetable, is commonly seen in Thailand. This study investigated its anticancer properties with high antioxidant activity by reducing power activity, excluding alkylation activity. It explored YKH extract induction of anticancer activity through biomolecular changes in the HCT116 human colon cancer cell line. The ethanolic extract stock solution and water extract stock solution were prepared. NR assay was used for cancer cell cytotoxic testing and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy was used for biomolecular changes study on lipid, protein and nucleic acid/DNA. The apoptosis induction by the extracts was detected by using Annexin V-FITC and DAPI staining. The compounds in the YKH ethanolic extract was performed by using GC-MS analysis. As a result, YKH ethanolic extract caused HCT116 colon cancer cell death in the dose dependent manner after 24 h exposure, and the 50 % cell death (IC50 concentration) was 195.4 ± 12 μg/mL. Cellular biochemical changes observed from FTIR data showed that YKH ethanolic extract treated HCT116 colon cancer cell. There is an increase in lipid content and a reduction in intensity of nucleic acid/DNA, a-helix protein structure at 1,656 cm-1 was reduced and peak position of b-sheet structure (1,637 cm-1) was shifted to lower frequency. From the analysis results, YKH ethanolic extract seems to exert anti-colon cancer effect by changing cellular biomolecular structure of lipids and β-sheet protein accumulation, supporting apoptotic induction. The compounds in the YKH ethanolic extract mainly yielded fatty acids,which may be useful as potential compounds.