Antibody responses to polysaccharide and polysaccharide-conjugate vaccines after treatment of Hodgkin disease.

Abstract

To compare the immunogenicity of polysaccharide-conjugate vaccines with that of polysaccharide vaccines in patients previously treated for Hodgkin disease. All patients were immunized with Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB)-conjugate and 4-valent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines. Subgroups of patients were randomly assigned to receive either 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine or a 7-valent pneumococcal-conjugate vaccine that links seven pneumococcal serotypes to the outer membrane protein complex of Neisseria meningitidis. 144 patients who had completed treatment for Hodgkin disease, which had been diagnosed at least 2 years before the study. Antigen-specific antibody concentrations before and 3 to 6 weeks after immunization; number of persons who achieved anti-HIB antibody concentrations considered to be in the protective range. The geometric mean anti-HIB antibody concentration increased from 1.79 micrograms/mL before immunization to 54.1 micrograms/mL after; the percentage of persons with antibody concentrations in the protective range increased from 62% before immunization to 99% after. Patients immunized with 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine had a geometric mean pneumococcal antibody concentration after immunization (9.15 micrograms/mL) that was similar to that of healthy controls (10.0 micrograms/mL) for the seven serotypes measured. In contrast, patients who received 7-valent pneumococcal-conjugate vaccine had a significantly lower mean response compared with patients who received 23-valent; their geometric mean antibody concentration after immunization was 4.95 micrograms/mL (P = 0.005). A single dose of HIB-conjugate vaccine was immunogenic in patients who had completed treatment for Hodgkin disease diagnosed at least 2 years before immunization. In addition, responses to the 23-valent pneumococcal and 4-valent meningococcal vaccines were equivalent to those seen in healthy controls. Finally, patients had a significantly lower response to a single dose of 7-valent pneumococcal-conjugate vaccine than to 23-valent vaccine.