Abstract
BackgroundHigh parasite-specific antibody levels are generally associated with low susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. This has been supported by several studies in which clinical malaria cases of P. falciparum malaria were reported to be associated with low antibody avidities. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of age, malaria transmission intensity and incidence of clinical malaria in the induction of protective humoral immune response against P. falciparum malaria in children living in Burkina Faso.MethodsWe combined levels of IgG and IgG subclasses responses to P. falciparum antigens: Merozoite Surface Protein 3 (MSP3), Merozoite Surface Protein 2a (MSP2a), Merozoite Surface Protein 2b (MSP2b), Glutamate Rich Protein R0 (GLURP R0) and Glutamate Rich Protein R2 (GLURP R2) in plasma samples from 325 children under five (05) years with age, malaria transmission season and malaria incidence.ResultsWe notice higher prevalence of P. falciparum infection in low transmission season compared to high malaria transmission season. While, parasite density was lower in low transmission than high transmission season. IgG against all antigens investigated increased with age. High levels of IgG and IgG subclasses to all tested antigens except for GLURP R2 were associated with the intensity of malaria transmission. IgG to MSP3, MSP2b, GLURP R2 and GLURP R0 were associated with low incidence of malaria. All IgG subclasses were associated with low incidence of P. falciparum malaria, but these associations were stronger for cytophilic IgGs.ConclusionsOn the basis of the data presented in this study, we conclude that the induction of humoral immune response to tested malaria antigens is related to age, transmission season level and incidence of clinical malaria.
Highlights
High parasite-specific antibody levels are generally associated with low susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum malaria
This study was conducted to evaluate the role of age, malaria transmission intensity and incidence of clinical malaria in the induction of protective humoral immune response against malaria vaccine candidates prior to clinical trials in children living in Burkina Faso
A distinguishing characteristic of our study is the combination of the quantification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG subclasses to P. falciparum antigens (MSP3, Merozoite Surface Protein 2a (MSP2a), Merozoite Surface Protein 2b (MSP2b), GLURP Glutamate Rich Protein R0 (R0) and GLURP Glutamate Rich Protein R2 (R2)) using standardized methods with age and malaria transmission season as done in previous studies [6, 14, 17]
Summary
High parasite-specific antibody levels are generally associated with low susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of age, malaria transmission intensity and incidence of clinical malaria in the induction of protective humoral immune response against P. falciparum malaria in children living in Burkina Faso. There are several merozoite surface proteins with no specific function, including MSP2; MSP3 and GLURP [8] Many of these antigens have been evaluated or developed as potential vaccine antigens [9]. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of age, malaria transmission intensity and incidence of clinical malaria in the induction of protective humoral immune response against malaria vaccine candidates prior to clinical trials in children living in Burkina Faso
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