Abstract
Antibody response of buffalo calves to different levels of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus immunogen was investigated. Vaccine containing 106.2 units of immunogen/TCID50 of FMD virus (O, A and Asia-1) serotypes induced log2 (1.3± 0.4) units of anti-FMD O Complement Fixing Geometric Mean antibody (FMD O CFT-CGM) titer, log2 (1.4±0.3) units of anti-FMD A CFT-CGM titer and log2 (2.0±0.7) units of anti-FMD Asia-1 CFT-CGM titer. The vaccine containing 2x106.2 units of immunogen of each of the virus serotypes induced log2 (2.2±0.2) units of anti- FMD O CFT-CGM titer, log2 (2.1±0.25) units of anti- FMD A CFT-CGM titer and log2 (3.4±0.8) units of anti-FMD Asia-1 CFT-CGM titer. The vaccine containing 3x106.2 units of TCID50 of each of the virus serotypes induced log2 (5.3 ± 2.0) units of anti-FMD O CFT-CGM titer, log2 (4.6±1.9) units of anti-FMD A CFT-CGM titer and log2 (5.0±2.2) units of anti- FMD Asia-1 CFT-CGM titer. Moreover, buffalo calves (n=3) which were primed and boosted with 60 days interval using vaccine containing 2x106.2 units of immunogen of each of the virus serotype, showed log25.0 and log26.3 units of anti FMD O CFT-GMT antibody titer, log24.6 and log26.0 units of anti FMD A CFT GMT antibody titer, log25.6 and log26.0 units of anti FMD Asia-1 CFT GMT antibody titer, on 30 and 120 days post boosting.
 Antibody response of buffalo calves was directly proportional to amount of FMD virus immunogen serotypes in the vaccine.
Highlights
The Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus genome is surrounded by three external (VP-1, VP-2 and VP-3) and one internal (VP-4) protein [13]
The FMD virus binds on the surface of BHK-21 cells, replicates and induces cyto-pathic effects like lysis or clumping, aggregation and detachment
The humoral response of the buffalo calves is measured by virus neutrilization test (VNT), Complement Fixation Test (CFT) [17,8] and ELISA [18]
Summary
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a viral problem of cloven hoofed animals such as buffalo, cattle, goat, sheep, deer and camel [1]. The disease is characterized by pyrexia, vesicles on tongue, feet and udder [2] It causes heavy economic losses in dairy animals that are deliberated in terms of high mortality, morbidity, loss in milk production, working efficiency, quality of hide, weight gain, abortions, cost of treatment and consternation to the farmers [3,4]. There are seven distinct known serotypes of FMD virus i.e. O, A, C, ASIA 1, SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3. None of these serotypes have cross immunity against each other. Each of the FMD virus serotype (O, A and Asia1) was obtained from the Department of Microbiology, UVAS, Lahore and cultivated on monolayer of BHK-21 cells in the roller bottles. The virus was harvested, titrated and processed for vaccine production as per standard procedure given by Altaf I et al, 2012
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