Abstract
This work reports a very simple approach for creating a synthetic antibody against any protein of interest and its application in potentiometric transduction. The selected protein was Breast Cancer Antigen (CA 15-3), which is implicated in breast cancer disease and used to follow-up breast cancer patients during treatment. The new material with antibody-like properties was obtained by molecular-imprinting technology, prepared by electropolymerizing pyrrol (Py, 5.0 × 10−3 mol/L) around Breast Cancer Antigen (CA 15-3) (100 U/mL) on a fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass support. Cyclic voltammetry was employed for this purpose. All solutions were prepared in 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer, of pH 6.5. The biomarker was removed from the imprinted sites by chemical action of ethanol. The biomimetic material was then included in poly vinyl chloride (PVC) plasticized membranes to act as potentiometric ionophore, having or not a lipophilic ionic additive added. The corresponding selective electrodes were evaluated by calibration curves (in buffer and in synthetic serum) and by selectivity testing. The best analytical performance was obtained by selective electrodes including the plastic antibody and no lipophilic additive. The average limits of detection were 1.07 U/mL of CA 15-3, with a linear response from 1.44 to 13.2 U/mL and a cationic slope of 44.5 mV/decade. Overall, the lipophilic additives yielded no advantage to the overall potentiometric performance. The application of the MIP-based electrodes to the analysis of spiked synthetic serum showed precise and accurate results.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer disease in the world, representing 25% of all cancers
Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glasses were cleaned with ethanol, followed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) electrochemical cleaning
Higher magnification levels enter into a closer detail of the material and do not had more salt concentration compared to a simple electrolyte as potassium nitrate. Concerning the reflect such differential supra-organization. This is possibly related with fact that PPy was growing on molecularly-imprinted polymers (MIPs) materials produced with 50 mV/s, shown in Figure 4, it seemed that the final structure was an fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)-glass substrate, in acorresponding
Summary
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer disease in the world, representing 25% of all cancers. There are many reports showing the existence of specific biomolecules in biological fluids, such as urine, blood and saliva, which may lead to the non-invasive diagnosis or patient follow-up of many diseases, including breast cancer. Such biomolecules could be regarded as biomarkers when. Plastic antibodies are currently obtained by molecular imprinting technology ( known by molecularly-imprinted polymers (MIPs) [20,21,22] These materials may be coupled to several transduction schemes, including potentiometric methods, offering several advantages in terms of cost, rapidity and portability with ion-selective electrodes [23,24]. The overall evaluation and optimization are described demonstrating the potentiality of this work to be applied to the analysis of serum samples in point of care (POC)
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