Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus exhibits resistance to most of the commonly used antibiotics. Although antibiotics suceptibility studies have been performed on the pathogen isolated from the patient samples, only limited information is available about that of S. aureus isolated from asymptomatic individuals. In this study, S. aureus was isolated from the skin microbiota of the asymptomatic individuals, and susceptibility of the pathogen against different antibiotics and plant flavonoids was compared to drug-sensitive strain. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value and IC50 of the pathogen were calculated against the antibiotics and flavonoids. The susceptibility pattern of the isolated strain showed higher resistance against erythromycin (100 μg mL-1) and vancomycin (25 μg mL-1). Based on the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values, the combinatory effects of antibiotics and flavonoids were categorized into synergistic, additive, and indifferent. The combination of rutin and erythromycin showed a synergistic effect with the concentrations of 31.25 μg mL-1 and 1.562 μg mL-1 against drug-sensitive strains of S. aureus. Similarly, the same combination showed synergistic effects against isolated strains at the concentration of 625 μg mL-1 and 12.5 μg mL-1.We observed an increase in drug resistance in the isolated strain of S. aureus in comparison to the drug-sensitive strain. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study reporting increase in antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus present on asymptomatic individuals than the sensitive strain.
Highlights
Staphylococcus aureus is a non-motile, non-spore-forming gram-positive microorganism that produces catalase and coagulase enzymes[1,2,3]
S. aureus was isolated from the skin microbiota of the asymptomatic individuals, and susceptibility of the pathogen against different antibiotics and plant flavonoids was compared to drug-sensitive strain
The isolated strains of S. aureus from the skin microbiota of asymptomatic individuals were grown in mannitol salt agar (MSA) medium
Summary
Staphylococcus aureus is a non-motile, non-spore-forming gram-positive microorganism that produces catalase and coagulase enzymes[1,2,3]. S. aureus is a human commensal that persistently colonizes the anterior nares and skin of 20%–25% of the world population[4,5,6]. S. aureus causes numerous diseases, including scalded skin syndrome, abscesses, septicemia, pneumonia, food poisoning, and toxic shock syndrome through invasive wound infections[7,8]. S. aureus is one of the significant hospital-acquired pathogens causing post-operative infections, toxic shock syndrome, food poisoning, osteomyelitis, and endocarditis[9]. The abuses in drug usage lead to the acquired antimicrobial resistance to many pathogens, including S. aureus. The biofilm-ability of S. aureus during the infection increases its tolerance against most of the available antimicrobials[10,11]. The skin microbiota of healthy individuals harbors a significant amount of S. aureus. A recent study showed that non-clinical isolates of S. aureus exhibited antimicrobial resistance[13,14]. The carriage of drug-resistant strains in healthy individuals becomes a major asymptomatic reservoir, which can rapidly spread infection within the community[15]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
