Abstract
Background: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a well-documented risk factor for the development of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Prevention of UTI in this group of patients is advocated due to their increased risk of renal scarring, hypertension and end stage kidney failure. Methods: A 10-year retrospective review of CAKUT patients at the Johannesburg Academic Hospital, who were placed on prophylactic antibiotics over a certain period was done. The rate of UTI, the types of causative organisms isolated and the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing UTI were documented. Results: Thirty-six (36) out of 134 patients had been started on prophylactic antibiotics after the diagnosis of CAKUT was made. There was a statistically significant association between the use of prophylactic antibiotics and the rate of UTI (p Conclusion: Antibiotic prophylaxis was very effective in decreasing the rate of UTI in our cohort of patients with CAKUT.
Highlights
IntroductionThe incidence of CAKUT among patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) ranges from 25% - 55% [6]
Antibiotic prophylaxis was very effective in decreasing the rate of urinary tract infection (UTI) in our cohort of patients with CAKUT
Due to the retrospective nature of our data collection, we could not analyze the long-term effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on renal function but we feel that just to be able to prevent the morbidity of each UTI, it is worthwhile putting at least some children with CAKUT, as suggested by Simoese, on antibiotic prophylaxis
Summary
The incidence of CAKUT among patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) ranges from 25% - 55% [6]. Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a well-documented risk factor for the development of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. The rate of UTI, the types of causative organisms isolated and the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing UTI were documented. There was a statistically significant association between the use of prophylactic antibiotics and the rate of UTI (p < 0.001).
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