Abstract
Antibiotic usage has become very widespread, as they are used to treat so many infectious diseases today. Antimicrobial agents exert their actions via different mechanisms including blockage of cell wall synthesis, interference of protein and/or nucleic acid synthesis, interruption of cell membrane structure, and inhibition of a metabolic pathway.
Highlights
Pathogenic microorganisms have negatively affected human health throughout history
The majority of patients believe that their risk of bacterial resistance increases if they take an antibiotic on a regular basis and they are not at risk if they are not on any antibiotics [14]
The vaccination programs against Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae have been very effective in significantly reducing bacterial infection; there are some concerns about the emergence of bacterial resistance against these vaccines
Summary
Pathogenic microorganisms have negatively affected human health throughout history. A significant percentage of human population has been affected by bacterial infections (e.g., bubonic plague and tuberculosis) and non-bacterial infections (e.g., malaria and HIV) pandemics [1]. With the discovery of penicillin and some other classes of antibiotics in twentieth century, they were considered miracle drugs. In the twenty-first century, antibiotics are still being used, but with much less success. Many factors contributed to antibiotic resistance that made the antibiotics less effective
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
