Abstract
The wide spread of Methicillin resistance gene calls for concern even in livestock. The epidemiological and antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus in poultry farms in Zaria, Nigeria was carried out in this study, due to the increasing resistance to antibiotics associated with S. aureus in poultry birds. In this study, 250 samples of chicken droplets were collected from five different poultry farms (50 samples from each farm) within Zaria metropolis. Eighty eight (88) isolates of S. aureus were confirmed using standard microbiological methods. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates against 8 antibiotics showed that the isolates have varying antibiotics susceptibility pattern. The isolates (41.2%) were observed to be resistant to Methicillin and produced β-lactamase while 44.3% were classified as multidrug resistant. The result also showed high MIC value of Oxacillin (≥64 μg/ml) and Vancomycine (4 μg/ml) against the Methicillin resistant isolates. The MARI result showed that 60% of the isolates had MAR index of ≥0.4; indicating that these isolates have been pre-exposed to the antibiotics used in this study. This study showed high incidence of S. aureus with antibiotics resistance among poultry birds in Zaria, Nigeria, and calls for antibiotic surveillance and education of the poultry farm workers to curb the wide spread of resistance gene, which could be transferred in zoonotic diseases.
Highlights
Methicillin resistant S. aureus is a notorious pathogenic microorganism. Antimicrobials such as Penicillin and other β-lactams are commonly used in livestock production for the treatment of disease associated with S. aureus, and to improve production; the development of resistance through the production of β-lactamase enzyme against β-lactam antibiotics by S. aureus creates a huge some of economic burden [1]
The use of methicillin was stopped due to its toxicity, development of MecA resistance gene and wide spread of resistance after a few years of production [3]. These accruing problems call for concern as resistance to methicillin is not mediated through the production of β-lactamase, but rather acquisition of mobile genetic element known as staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) [4]
The results showed that most of the S. aureus from poultry farms in Zaria, Nigeria are resistant to β-lactam (Methicillin, Ampicillin, Oxacillin) and tetracyclines, and the pattern of antibiotic resistance varies from one isolate to another
Summary
Methicillin resistant S. aureus is a notorious pathogenic microorganism. Though, antimicrobials such as Penicillin and other β-lactams are commonly used in livestock production for the treatment of disease associated with S. aureus, and to improve production; the development of resistance through the production of β-lactamase enzyme against β-lactam antibiotics by S. aureus creates a huge some of economic burden [1]. The use of methicillin was stopped due to its toxicity, development of MecA resistance gene and wide spread of resistance after a few years of production [3] These accruing problems call for concern as resistance to methicillin is not mediated through the production of β-lactamase, but rather acquisition of mobile genetic element known as staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) [4]. The staphylococcal cassette chromosome contains additional insertional DNA sequences that allow for incorporation of additional antimicrobial resistance markers [11] These insertional sequences explain why many methicillin-resistant staphylococci are resistant to non-β-lactam antimicrobials that act through mechanisms other than interference with bacterial cell wall synthesis (e.g., macrolides, fluoroquinolones) and why methicillin-resistant strains can be multi-drug resistant. In both humans and animals, in-apparent colonization is far more common than outright infection, and colonization is more often transient than chronic [12]
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