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Abstract
Antibiotic resistance amongst previously susceptible an aerobic bacteria has in creased during the last decade, raising concerns about the choice of empirical therapy, in this study, Etest methodology and Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines were used for processing and interpretation of minimum inhibitory concentration values for anaerobic bacteria obtained over a one-year period from two teaching hospitals in Pretoria, South Africa. From the data obtained, the genera Bacteroides, Clostridium and Peptostreptococus were most frequently isolated. The β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination, piperacillin/tazohactam seems to be the superior choice as empiric therapy for suspected serious anaerobic infections in this setting. In addition, a definite increase in resistance against metronidazole was exhibited by isolates originating from invasive samples, making the drug an unlikely choice for future empiric therapy.
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