Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Streptococcus suis Isolate From Clinical Specimens at Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali

Abstract

Background: Streptococcus suis is a gram-positive bacterium that causes emerging zoonotic disease. It causes outbreaks in some countries including China, Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia more than 1600 cases worldwide. The recent discovery of cases of S. suis infection is also accompanied by reports of S. suis being resistant to several antibiotics, this can be a recent threat. There are very few reports of susceptibility testing of S. suis in humans, from several studies showed that all were still sensitive to penicillin and ceftriaxone antibiotics but decreased sensitivity to chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and erythromycin. The first case of S. suis infection in humans in Bali was discovered in 2014 and data on antibiotic susceptibility to these bacteria do not available in Indonesia. Therefore, we conducted a study to describe the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S. suis isolates in Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar which can be used as guidance empirical therapy for this bacterial infection. Methods: We obtained 51 data from VITEK 2 GP card automatic system (BioMérieux®) results from April 2016 to April 2021 in Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Results: The result showed that 51 isolates (100 %) were sensitive to Ampicillin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Levofloxacin, Linezolid, and Vancomycin, and 50 (98 %) were sensitive to Benzylpenicillin, 49 (96 %) were sensitive to Erythromycin, 48 (94 %) were sensitive to Clindamycin and none of the isolates (0 %) were sensitive to Tetracycline. Conclusions: All of the isolates from Sanglah General Hospital remain sensitive to antibiotics that cross the blood-brain barriers such as Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, and Ampicillin so that the management of S. suis meningitis can be handled precisely which can reduce morbidity and mortality. Proper use of antibiotics in managing S. suis infection can prevent resistance.