Abstract
Rapid evolution of resistance in bacteria towards antibiotics has dramatically become a global health crisis. The aim of present study was to check the prevalence and antimicrobial sensitivity of bacteria present in clinical samples. Two hundred and seventy different clinical samples were examined in laboratory of the Chaudhary Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan Pakistan. Clinical isolates were isolated on MacConkey agar, blood agar and Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient Agar (CLED Agar). The isolated strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility against the panel of 27 antibiotics. Out of 270 sample, 91(33.7%) showed microbial load. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Candida spp. were commonly isolated. Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest prevalence as monoresistant and polyresistant strain. The malpractice of self-medication with unrestricted supply of medicines have played an important role in antimicrobial resistance. Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Escherichia coli; ESBL; Zone of inhibition http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2020.90232
Highlights
Multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensive drug resistant (XDR) Bacterial isolates that showed resistance against more than one drug were categorized as multidrug resistant (MDR) and isolates that were resistant against more than two classes of drug were categorized as extensive drug resistant (XDR)
From blood samples 7 (43.75%) were MDR and 9 (56.25%) were XDR. 1 (14.29%) MDR were present in Foleys tip, CVP tip and arterial line tip. 5 (71.42%), 3 (100%), 2 (28.57%), 6 (85.71%) and 3 (100%) XDR were isolated from CVP tip, Tracheal tube, Urine, Foleys tip and Sputum respectively (Table 4)
Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) Some bacteria are resistant against beta lactamase antibiotics such as penicillin, carbapenem and cephalosporin
Summary
The isolated strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility against the panel of 27 antibiotics. The malpractice of self-medication with unrestricted supply of medicines have played an important role in antimicrobial resistance. Poor hygiene practices and ineffective antimicrobial resistance as “resistance of a prevention measures along with misuse of microorganism to an antimicrobial medicine antibiotics have contributed in development to which it was previously sensitive.”. Failure in awareness about hygienic life style has identification of bacterial pathogen compromised many lives. It has dramatically changes the health scenario of added deficit in understanding and patients and is responsible for yearly increase compliance of biosafety issues of community in deaths [3, 4]. Bacterial resistance and healthcare institutions in Pakistan. For the isolation of bacteria, specimens were cultured on MacConkey agar, blood agar and cystine lactose electrolyte deficient agar
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