Abstract
Poultry chickens are potential source of transmission of zoonotic Salmonella, into human food chain, causing food-borne illness and also hindering development of poultry industry in Bangladesh. The non-judicious uses of antibiotics in poultry farm have increased the multidrug resistant bacteria. So, this study reports the occurrence of Salmonella in poultry samples (meat, egg, liver and cloacal swab) and the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the isolates. This study was carried out throughout the period of May 2019-March 2020, at the bacteriological laboratory in the Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong. Isolates were identified on the basis of cultural and biochemical tests from a total of 25 broiler samples (meat, liver, eggshell and cloacal swab). Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was observed using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The overall detection rate of Salmonella was 48% (12/25) and the highest occurrence was noticed in raw meat 62.5% and the lowest in liver (37.5%). The antimicrobial resistance tests revealed that all the isolates (n = 12) exhibited 100% resistance to vancomycin and cephalexin, followed by ampicillin (75%), nalidixic acid (58.33%), chloramphenicol (41.66%), doxycycline (50%), and neomycin (50%). On the other hand, ciprofloxacin showed 83.33%, ceftazidime and amoxicillin showed 91.6% sensitivity respectively. A considerably high proportion of isolates (11/12, 91.67%) was resistant to three or more antibiotics and 6 multidrug profiles were observed. The ampicillin-chloramphenicol-nalidixic acid-neomycin-cephalexin-doxycycline-vancomycin (4/12) was more frequently observed phenotype in multidrug profiles. Finally, two multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella were identified and classified based on their 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strain Eshaa2 and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strain Eshiika3 at NCBI GenBank with Accession no. MT163513 and MT164531 respectively. So, more attention should be focused on increasing antibiotic surveillance to cope with the spread of emerging resistance and on the alternative approaches.
Highlights
Despite global improvements in public health facilities, bacterial infections remain an important public health problem worldwide [1]
This study reports the occurrence of Salmonella in poultry samples and the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the isolates
Salmonella was accounted for 1335 food-borne outbreaks and 36,940 associated illnesses that were reported to Food Disease Outbreak Surveillance System from 1999 to 2008 and poultry products were responsible for a higher percentage of Salmonella outbreaks of infection compared to other food commodities [7]
Summary
Despite global improvements in public health facilities, bacterial infections remain an important public health problem worldwide [1]. Salmonella is considered the most prevalent foodborne pathogen and has long been recognized as an important zoonotic bacterium of economic significance in animals and humans [2]. Salmonella agents that cause infection in humans are more common in poultry than in other animal species [3]. Poultry products could be one of the potential sources to harbor a diverse microbial community such as Salmonella enterica, the causative agent of salmonellosis [4]. For an outbreak of Salmonellosis in humans, the consumption of chicken products (e.g. meat, liver, and eggs) is considered as the primary route of transmission of Salmonella into the human food chain [5]. In poultry-originated food-borne outcomes, Salmonella ranks the highest in all cases linked to food consumption [6]. Salmonella was accounted for 1335 food-borne outbreaks and 36,940 associated illnesses that were reported to Food Disease Outbreak Surveillance System from 1999 to 2008 and poultry products were responsible for a higher percentage of Salmonella outbreaks of infection compared to other food commodities [7]
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