Abstract
Infectious diseases comprise a major percentage of paediatric illnesses as infections in out-patients, illnesses requiring hospitalization for treatment and nosocomially acquired infections. Although a significant percentage of infectious diseases are of viral etiology, initial empirical therapy for febrile undiagnosed illnesses and for presumed or proven bacterial infections results in widespread use of antimicrobials. In contrast to the beneficial effects of antibiotics are their expense, their adverse effects and their contribution to the emergence of increasingly drug-resistant organisms. Strategies to enhance the appropriate use of antimicrobials are most evident in hospitals such as The Hospital for Sick Children – a tertiary care paediatric hospital whose infrastructure supports and encourages proper use. The use of many of the following strategies (1) has been shown to reduce drug expenditures and overall hospital costs by improving patient care.
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