Antibiotic Sensitivity of Group B Streptococcus from Pregnant Mothers and Its Association with Resistance Genes

Abstract

Objective: This study assessed the antibiotic susceptibility and characterized antibiotic resistance genes of group B Streptococcus (GBS) isolates from selected tertiary care hospitals in Western Province, Sri Lanka. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to determine antibiotic sensitivity of GBS among 175 pregnant women of >35 weeks of gestation attending antenatal clinics in four teaching hospitals. Low vaginal and rectal swabs were collected separately, and GBS was identified by standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic sensitivity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. DNA was extracted from culture isolates, and antibiotic-resistant genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction using ermB, ermTR, mefA, and linB genes. Results: GBS colonization in the study sample was 25.7% (45/175) with detection rate of 22.9% (40/175) and 2.9% (5/175) in vaginal and rectal samples, respectively. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin with an MIC range of 0.03–0.12 μg/mL. Six isolates (13.3%) were intermediate, and 11 isolates (24.4%) were resistant to erythromycin. There were 5 intermediately resistant isolates (11.1%) and 10 resistant isolates (22.2%) for clindamycin. Of them, seven had inducible clindamycin resistance (iMLS_B). MIC range of erythromycin was 0.03–0.32 μg/mL and that of clindamycin was 0.06–0.32 μg/mL. ermB gene was detected in 7 (15.5%). ermTR gene was found in 16 (35.6%) and was significantly associated with iMLS_B phenotype (p = 0.005). mefA gene was detected in two (4.4%) isolates, while linB gene was not detected in tested isolates. Conclusion: All isolates were sensitive to penicillin, and the most prevalent resistance genotype was ermTR in the study population.