Antibiotic resistant airborne bacteria and their multidrug resistance pattern at University teaching referral Hospital in South Ethiopia

Fithamlak Bisetegen Solomon,Amsalu Amache Arota,Yishak Leka Abraham,Fiseha Wada Wadilo

doi:10.1186/s12941-017-0204-2

Fithamlak Bisetegen Solomon, Amsalu Amache Arota + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-017-0204-2

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Abstract

BackgroundHospitals provide a reservoir of microorganisms, many of which are multi-resistant to antibiotics. Emergence of multi-drug resistant strains in a hospital environment, particularly in developing countries is an increasing problem to infection treatment. This study aims at assessing antibiotic resistant airborne bacterial isolates.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Wolaita Sodo university teaching and referral Hospital. Indoor air samples were collected by using passive air sampling method. Sample processing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done following standard bacteriological techniques. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.ResultsMedically important bacterial pathogens, Coagulase negative staphylococci (29.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (26.3%), Enterococci species, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium (16.5%), Acinetobacter species (9.5%), Escherichia coli (5.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.3%) were isolated. Antibiotic resistance rate ranging from 7.5 to 87.5% was detected for all isolates. Acinetobacter species showed a high rate of resistance for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin (78.2%) and ciprofloxacin (82.6%), 28 (38.9%) of S. aureus isolates were meticillin resistant, and 7.5% Enterococci isolates of were vancomycin resistant. 75.3% of all bacterial pathogen were multi-drug resistant. Among them, 74.6% were gram positive and 84% were gram negative. Multi-drug resistance were observed among 84.6% of P. aeruginosa, of 82.5% Enterococcii, E. coli 78.6%, S. aureus 76.6%, and Coagulase negative staphylococci of 73.6%.ConclusionsIndoor environment of the hospital was contaminated with airborne microbiotas, which are common cause of post-surgical site infection in the study area. Bacterial isolates were highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics with high multi-drug resistance percentage. So air quality of hospital environment, in restricted settings deserves attention, and requires long-term surveillance to protect both patients and healthcare workers.

Highlights

Hospitals provide a reservoir of microorganisms, many of which are multi-resistant to antibiotics
This study aims at the isolation and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of potentially pathogenic airborne bacteria in restricted settings of the hospital setup
Total numbers of 216 air samples were collected from delivery room (DR), intensive care unit (ICU), and operation theatre (OT). 195 (90.2%) settle plates were showed a positive bacterial growth for any one of the bacteria

Summary

Introduction

Hospitals provide a reservoir of microorganisms, many of which are multi-resistant to antibiotics. The uncontrolled movement of air in and out of the hospital environment makes the bacterial persistence worse since these infectious microorganisms may spread into the environment through sneezing, coughing, talking and contact with hospital materials. It can affect patients admitted to rooms in which the prior occupants tested positive for a pathogen and other patients in the facility and even patients in other facilities in a network [9]

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