Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to isolate and identify Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli from raw milk samples of cattle and buffalo, and to evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Materials and methods: A total of 34 milk samples were collected twice from 17 different healthy cattle (n=14) and buffaloes (n=3) at one-month interval, and analyzed in laboratory by staining, cultural and biochemical characteristics followed by polymerase chain reaction targeting nuc gene of S. aureus and 16 S rRNA of E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolated bacteria was assessed using the disc diffusion method. Results: Confirmation of the isolates as S. aureus and E. coli were carried out by PCR using nuc gene, 16S rRNA gene specific primers specific for S. aureus and E. coli respectively. A total of 12 samples (35.29%; 11 from cattle, 1 from buffalo) were found to be positive for S. aureus; 5 and 7 during first and second month, respectively. The E. coli were found in three samples (2 from cattle, 1 from buffaloe); one in first month and two in the second month. The antibiotic sensitivity test using 4 commonly used antibiotics indicated that the most of the isolates were resistant to Gatifloxacin and one isolate showed intermediate resistance to Ofloxacin while sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin. Conclusion: Two different species of bacteria i.e., S. aureus and E. coli are contaminating with milk samples. The pathogenic bacteria can be controlled effectively by using Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin in the case of mastitis in cattle and buffaloes in Bangladesh. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/javar.2016.c133
Highlights
Milk is considered as an excellent medium for growing of many microorganisms
Upon arrival in the Laboratory, milk samples were kept incubated at 37°C for 2 h cultured in 5% sheep blood agar, Salmonella Shigella (SS) agar, MacConkey agar, Eosin Methylene (EMB) agar and Mannitol salt (MS) agar by spreading method
Islam et al (2007b) reported that 89.3% S. aureus from bovine origin were hemolytic. This variation was due to the difference in sample origin indicating that raw milk contained less association with S. aureus as compared with feces of cattle from where the bacteria were isolated by Islam et al (2007b)
Summary
Milk can be contaminated with several bacteria during milking process from the milking personnel, utensils used for milking (Rehman et al, 2014). Microorganisms may enter the udder through teat canal, and the bacteria may come out through milk (Smith et al, 2007). Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are the two major contaminants of milk. Food borne diseases are of great concern around the world. This is an important issue in developing countries where poor sanitation is maintained during collection and processing of milk from cattle and buffaloes (Le et al, 2003). The organism can be excreted directly from udder through milk (Rehman et al, 2014). Information on antibiotic resistance against S. aureus can be useful in treating the disease caused by the organism (Jahan et al, 2015)
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