Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most delicate health problem affecting women with severe complications and the rising antimicrobial resistance exerts a massive influence in treating UTIs. The objectives of this study was to identify the uropathogens causing UTI in non-pregnant women and their antibiotic resistance pattern. The study was undertaken in the outpatient department (OPD) of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Capital Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during April 2015 to March 2016. A total of 766 midstream urine samples (MSU) was collected from women of different age. Out of 766 urine samples, 323 (42.1%) samples were culture positive for UTI with prominent bacteriuria. E.coli was found to be the most common isolate (54.79 %) followed by Staphylococcus sp. (22.6%), Enterobacter sp. (17.64%) and Klebsiella sp. (4.95%). Amongst various clinical symptoms, burning and itching during urination was found to be the most common (69.97%) symptoms followed by abnormal discharge of the vagina (45.20%) and the presence of cloudy urine (24.46%). E.coli the most predominant uropathogen identified was found to be highly susceptible towards a low level of resistance towards nitrofurantoin (11.8%) followed by amikacin (20.03%) and gentamicin (22.0%). Our study revealed that E. coli isolates were the predominant uropathogens and showed escalating model of resistance to the general available antimicrobial agents which are frequently used by the physicians in hospitals and private practice.
Highlights
Urinary tract infection are the major public health concern caused by various bacterial species, such as most commonly by gram-negative Escherichia coli, gram-positive Bacilli Enterococcus faecalis, gram-negative Enterobacterales Proteus mirabilis, gram-negative facultative anaerobe Klebsiella pneumoniae and gram-positive Firmicutes Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Our study revealed that E. coli isolates were the predominant uropathogens and showed escalating model of resistance to the general available antimicrobial agents which are frequently used by the physicians in hospitals and private practice
A total of 766 urine samples collected were analyzed for Urinary tract infection (UTI) of women reported in outpatient department (OPD), out of which 323 (42.1%) samples were determined as culture-positive with significant bacteriuria
Summary
Urinary tract infection are the major public health concern caused by various bacterial species, such as most commonly by gram-negative Escherichia coli, gram-positive Bacilli Enterococcus faecalis, gram-negative Enterobacterales Proteus mirabilis, gram-negative facultative anaerobe Klebsiella pneumoniae and gram-positive Firmicutes Staphylococcus saprophyticus. UTIs are the least identified area of research as the primary cause of morbidity among infants, childrens, older men and females of all ages Irrespective of such evidences, further researches had proven that prevalence of UTI is higher among the female.[2] Linhares et al[3] reported that at least once in a lifetime urinary tract infection is experienced by 50% of women[3] and recurrent episodes have been observed between 20% and 40% of women[4] whereas all UTIs reported in men were 20% approximately.[5] Infectious diseases are one of the most common public health issues in developing countries like India.[6] In clinical practice, urinary tract infection is known for its infectious nature of the diseases etiology.[7] Symptoms showing for urinary infection are usually termed as bacteriuria,[8] where lower and upper urinary tracts can be affected with UTI. Escherichia coli is responsible for community-acquired UTIs of about 80-85% whereas 5-10% by the Staphylococcus saprophyticus.[14]
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