Abstract
Neonates are exposed to Staphylococcus aureus shortly after birth and can become colonized quickly after contact with adult skin or the environment. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) constitutes part of the growing global health problem associated with an increasing number of infections and often multidrug resistant in nature which now poses serious therapeutic problems to clinicians. Eighty-three (83) samples were collected which were cultured on appropriate bacteriological media. Bacterial isolates ( S. aureus ) were identified by standard biochemical tests and confirmed using PCR targeting the 16S rRNA. The MRSA was determined using Oxacillin antibiotic disk and confirmed by the presence of MecA gene. Antibiotic susceptibility of the MRSA isolates to eleven antibiotics was performed according to Clinical Laboratory Standard testing Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Out of the 83 individuals tested, 25 yielded S. aureus of which 22 (88.0%) of them were MRSA positive, 10 (45.5%) females and 12 (54.5%) males. The antibiotic resistant pattern of the 22 MRSA isolates showed Quinupristin/Dalfopristin 13 (59.1%), Fusidic acid 6 (27.3%), Linezolid 8 (36.4%), Clindamycin 10 (45.5%), Vancomycin 5(22.7%), Cefepime 3(13.6%), Doxycycline 4(18.2%), Sulphamethoxazole 22(100%), Fosfomycin 7(31.8%), Cephalexin 7(31.8%), Trimethoprim 19(86.4%). The MIC determination for vancomycin from MRSA isolates showed antibiotic concentration of 4.9 μg/ml and 8.7 μg/ml. This work showed that there is high prevalence rate of resistance to many classes of antibiotic warranting continued surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship. Therefore effective antibiotic susceptibility test should be conducted before prescribing an antibiotic to patients, in as much as patients should strictly adhere to antibiotic prescription to mitigate abuse of drugs. Keywords: Methicillin-resistance, antibiotics, prevalence, S. aureus , susceptibility
Highlights
Introduction treatment options for staphylococcal infectionsStaphylococcus aureus is one of the major (Saravanan et al, 2013).human pathogens, significantly contributing to Methicillin-resistant StaphylococcusHospital and community acquired infection (Ugwu aureus (MRSA) strains have been reported by et al, 2016)
Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that is to antibiotics through enzymatic degradation, cross resistant to most beta-lactams reduces the alteration of bacteria proteins, efflux of antibiotics
The antibiotic susceptibility profile showed that the 22 Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were resistant to antibiotics tested in the following percentage, Cefepime (12%), Doxycycline (16%), Vancomycin (20%), Cephalexin (31.8%), Fosfomycin (18.2%), Fusidic acid (27.3), Linezolid (36.4%), Clindamycin (45.5%), Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (59.1%) and Trimethoprim (86.4%)
Summary
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major (Saravanan et al, 2013). human pathogens, significantly contributing to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus. Development of new antimicrobials presently is difficult, coupled with increasingly common and novel-resistance mechanisms by organisms which provide challenges for clinicians For this reason, though clinicians and scientists, anticipate for the development of new antimicrobial agents, are looking forward to investigate possibilities of using previously discarded agents or improve established agents in a different way to ameliorate the situation (Benjamin, 2014). In one of such ways like testing for the different concentrations of such antibiotics that organism have developed resistance for and determining the new minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for which the resistant strain of the organism will be susceptible to This necessitates the need for many epidemiological investigations which have been focused on S. aureus strains isolated from patient's specimens or invasive infections, but only a few have studied the prevalence of MRSA collected from pediatric units in Anambra state
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