Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance patterns and the prevalence of uropathogenes causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients hospitalized in January–June 2020 in central Poland. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk-diffusion method. Escherichia coli (52.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.7%), Enterococcus faecalis (9.3%), E. faecium (6.2%), and Proteus mirabilis (4,3%) were most commonly isolated from urine samples. E. coli was significantly more frequent in women (58.6%) (p = 0.0089) and in the age group 0–18, while K. pneumoniae was more frequent in men (24.4%) (p = 0.0119) and in individuals aged 40–60 and >60. Gram-negative species showed resistance to ampicillin. K. pneumoniae were resistant to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (75.0%), piperacillin plus tazobactam (76.2%), cefotaxime (76.2%), cefuroxime (81.0%), ciprofloxacin (81.0%), and trimethoprim plus sulphamethoxazole (81.0%). Carbapenems were effective against all E. coli and P. mirabilis. Some K. pneumoniae (13.6%) produced metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). E. coli (22.6%), K. pneumoniae (81.8%), and all E. faecium were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Some E. coli (26.2%), K. pneumoniae (63.6%), and P. mirabilis (14.3%) isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium was also found. This study showed that the possibilities of UTIs therapy using available antibiotics become limited due to the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens.
Highlights
IntroductionUrinary tract infections (UTIs) belong to the most common bacterial infections in humans [1], accounting for approximately 150–250 million cases globally per year [2]
Introduction published maps and institutional affilUrinary tract infections (UTIs) belong to the most common bacterial infections in humans [1], accounting for approximately 150–250 million cases globally per year [2]
E. coli belonged to the most common bacterial species isolated from urine cultures (n = 84, 52.2%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 22, 13.7%), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 15, 9.3%), E. faecium (n = 10, 6.2%), and Proteus mirabilis (n = 7, 4,3%)
Summary
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) belong to the most common bacterial infections in humans [1], accounting for approximately 150–250 million cases globally per year [2]. Nearly 27–48% of affected women suffer from recurrent UTIs [3,4]. Among all infections acquired in the hospitals, UTIs comprise about. 40–50% of bacterial infections that contribute to increased morbidity causing prolonged hospitalization [5,6]. UTIs are clinically divided into complicated or uncomplicated. The complicated UTIs occur in patients with anatomical urinary tract abnormalities or with renal failure, or in patients that use medical devices such as a catheter, with this category of UTIs requiring prolonged therapy. UTIs that occur in patients who have no anatomical urinary tract abnormalities iations
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