Antibiotic resistance of pathogens causing uncomplicated urinary tract infections in Russian Federation

Abstract

Introduction.The choice of antibiotic for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) is mainly carried out empirically. At the same time, it should correspond to local data on the sensitivity of uropathogens to antibacterial drugs. If the level of uropathogen resistance in the region is more than 10-20% to any antibiotic, its use should be limited to empirical therapy.Purpose of research.Identify the structure of pathogens of uncomplicated UTIs and determine the dynamics of their sensitivity to the most commonly used antibacterial drugs.Materials and methods.This article presents a summary data of Russian multicenter epidemiological on the etiology of uncomplicated UTIs and the resistance of pathogens to antibiotics. The study are included female outpatients meeting the following criteria: 1) non-pregnant women over 18; 2) the presence of lower UTIs (acute or exacerbation of chronic cystitis); 3) uropathogen isolation > 103 CFU/ml with a positive test results for the presence of leukocytes in the urine and >105 CFU/ml for any test results for the presence of leukocytes in the urine.Results.The most frequent uropathogen causing uncomplicated UTI is E. coli, which is excreted in 72.4% - 90.6% of patients. Cephalosporins of the third generation (cefixime), Nitrofurantoin, Fosfomycin have a high microbiological activity against E. coli, the frequency of resistant strains to them is 0%, 0-1.9% and 0%, respectively. The persistently high resistance of E. coli strains is determined to Ampicillin (33.1% - 41.5%) and Co-trimoxazole (19.3% - 26.2%). For non-fluorinated and fluorinated quinolones, there is a tendency to increase the proportion of resistant strains during the study period.Conclusions.High generation Cephalosporins (cefixime), Nitrofurantoin, Fosfomycin have high activity against uropathogens сausing uncomplicated UTI. Ampicillin and Co-trimoxazole cannot be considered the drugs of choice for the treatment of uncomplicated UTI according to currently established criteria.