Abstract
From samples of raw sheep's milk were determined results of bacteriological examination from two herds in region of Eastern Slovakia in three years lasting study. The occurrence of Staphylococcus spp. 41.6% (124) was determined from 298 samples. The seven species of staphylococci were on a regular basis isolated: S. epidermidis (34), S. chromogenes (26), S. aureus (16). Alternately have been recorded S. warneri (16), S. schleiferi (15), S. haemolyticus (9) and S. xylosus (8). All isolated pathogens were tested by in vitro test on Mueller-Hinton agar by disc methods on resistance to 10 types of antibiotics. Highest value of resistance was determined to Penicilin 21.0%, Neomycin 10.5% and Novobiocin 9.7%. Lower resistance was in to Oxacilin 7.2% and Amoxicilin 6.5%. Minimal resistance was founded to Cefoxitin 0.8%, Linkomycin 2.4%, Erytromycin, and Streptomycin 3.2%. Was founded total resistance (21.0%) to all antibiotics in S. epidermidis (34) during the three years, S. chromogenes (26) showed resistance to 8 types of antibiotics (12.9%), S. aureus (16) to 6 antibiotics (10.5%) and S. warneri (16) to 4 antibiotics (5.6%). It was confirmed that sheep's milk remains a major source of staphylococci. Bacteria in comparison with isolates from cows' raw milk, showed lower values of resistance, but were resistant to more than two antibiotics. Recorded occurrence of resistance in staphylococci may be connected with a minimum use of antibiotics in the treatment of mastitis and other diseases in sheep herds. Reported resistance to the tested antibiotics became the basis for the recommendation to use preparations to treat mastitis in sheep principally by the detection of resistance to antibiotics contained.
Highlights
The bacteria Staphylococcus are important pathogens in human and animals medicine
From the coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) is more frequently S. epidermidis and S. chromogenes what are determined in our study (Bergonier et al, 2003; Berthelot et al, 2006)
Microbial contamination of raw milk occurs from three main sources: from within the udder, from the exterior of the udder, and from the surface of milk handling and storage equipment (McKinnon et al, 1990)
Summary
The bacteria Staphylococcus are important pathogens in human and animals medicine. Specific properties above 50 species of Staphylococcus spp. caused differences in pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases as evidenced by the extensive studies of S. aureus, which produces the greatest amount of substances called virulence factors (Spergser et al, 2003).Staphylococcus spp. is the main causative agent of ovine mastitis, with higher prevalence in cases of clinical and subclinical manifestations (Bergonier et al, 2003; Fagundes et al, 2010).In the environmental mastitis Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli are the main pathogens responsible for the inflammation (Baskaran et al, 2009) and, together with coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) strains, are the most frequent pathogens, such as S. epidermidis, S. simulans, S. hyicus, S. warneri, S. sciuri and S. xylosus in ovine mastitis (Hariharan et al.,2004).In sheep, intramammary antibiotic therapy using a combination of penicillin with many drugs has been found to be effective in reducing the load of mastitis pathogens after lambing (Chaffer et al, 2003). Vasiľ et al (2009) noticed on increasing occurrence of subclinical and latent mastitis caused by CoNS resistant to antibiotics. The aim of our study was to determine the occurrence of Staphylococcus spp. in samples of raw sheep’s milk and their resistance to 10 antibiotics by disc method.
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