Abstract

Bacteria are very dynamic organisms in nature and possesses exclusive ability to uptake foreign DNA and replicate them. This unique ability works in their favor to survive environmental changes and evolution. For instance, bacteria can uptake DNA that makes human insulin which can be useful to treat type I Diabetes. This very reason makes bacteria the most popular organism, that is widely used in research for amplifying desired gene and the process is called bacterial transformation.

Highlights

  • Bacteria are very dynamic organisms in nature and possesses exclusive ability to uptake foreign DNA and replicate them

  • Bacteria can uptake DNA that makes human insulin which can be useful to treat type I Diabetes. This very reason makes bacteria the most popular organism, that is widely used in research for amplifying desired gene and the process is called bacterial transformation

  • Bacterial transformation was first reported in 1928 by Griffith [1] in Streptococcus pneumoniae where some bacteria take up foreign genetic material from environment by horizontal gene transfer (HGT)

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Summary

Introduction

Bacteria are very dynamic organisms in nature and possesses exclusive ability to uptake foreign DNA and replicate them. According to study published in Frontiers in Immunology, 2017 bacteria in the gut are most vulnerable to HGT of ARG’s and other drug resistant genes from GMO food sources as Gut provides constant optimal conditions such as stable temperature, physicochemical conditions, constant nutrient supply (food we eat), extreme high concentration of microbial cells in the gut, foreign lethal DNA from GMO’s and numerous chances of conjugation on the surface of gut tissue and food particles. These conditions make gut microflora most capable, dynamic, and transformable system to ARG’s. A group of researchers have labelled Mammalian gut as “Melting Pot of Genetic Exchange” where there are highest chances of HGT occurrence [18]

Conclusion
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