Antibiotic Resistance and Plasmid Profiles of Bacteria Isolated from Abattoir Effluents around Ikpoba River in Benin City, Nigeria

E.I Atuanya,C.U Orah,N.A Nwogu

doi:10.4314/jasem.v22i11.7

Abstract

Abattoirs are known all over the world to pollute the environment either directly or indirectly from their various processes. The aim of this work is to determine the bacterial load, antibiotic resistance and plasmid profile of resistant bacteria isolated from government and private abattoirs around in Ikpoba River in Benin City. Bacteria and coliform count were done using pour plating method. The total viable bacteria counts ranged 4.2x10 5 ±1.8 - 1.5x10 6 ± 0.7 cfu/ml and 1.3x10 6 ± 0.1-3.1 x 10 6 ± 0.5cfu/ml for government and private abattoir respectively, The coliform count ranged from 2.7x10 5 ± 0.1 - 3.8x10 5 ±1.4 cfu/ml and 5.5x10 5 ±0.3 - 9:2x10 5 ±0.4 cfu/ml for government and private abattoir respectively. Es cherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeriginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtills and Staphylococcus aureuswere isolated and identified by cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Susceptibility of the microbes was determined. The isolates were resistant to most of the commonly used antibiotics. Plasmid profile of isolates was also determined. The profile study shows that all resistant bacterial isolates harbored plasmid mediated resistance to antibiotics which was confirmed by plasmid curing. Therefore this research showed contamination of abattoirs effluents with antibiotic resistant bacterial isolates. This specially calls for treatment of the wastewater before discharging into the river. Keywords : Effluent, abattoir, antbiotic resistance, plasmid profiles

Highlights

The abattoir industry is an important component of livestock industry in Nigeria providing domestic meat supply to over. 1.5 million people and employment opportunities for the teeming population (Nafarnda et al, 2012)
Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in all the wastewater samples
dissolved oxygen (DO) is a measure of the degree of pollution by organic matter, the destructive of organic substances as well as the self-purification capacity of the water body. The results of this present study showed that abattoir wastewater contains high bacterial counts above the recommended level for discharge into water

Summary

Introduction

The abattoir industry is an important component of livestock industry in Nigeria providing domestic meat supply to over. 1.5 million people and employment opportunities for the teeming population (Nafarnda et al, 2012). Quinn and Matarlare (1989) observed the effluent discharged from slaughter house has caused the deoxygenating of rivers They has been known to contaminate ground water (Coker et al, 2001.)Girards (2005) reported during a study that blood one of the major dissolved pollutants in slaughter effluent has a high chemical oxygen demand (COD). In Nigeria, many abattoir dispose their effluents directly into streams and rivers without any form of treatment and slaughter meat are washed by the same river water (Adelegon, 2002). Liquid and Solid waste from abattoir processing as well as human excretions has led to dissemination of resistant bacteria in the environment.

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