Abstract

Psychiatric side effects, including mania, associated with the use of antibiotics have been reported in the research literature. Among the antibiotics, the macrolide clarithromycin, two fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin), and the beta‐lactam penicillins have all been implicated. While the neuropharmacological mechanisms of such side effects are not clear, the primary hypothesis is that these antibiotics antagonize post‐synaptic gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, resulting in increased neuronal excitability.

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