Antibiogram of Salmonella isolates from animal and human sources in Southern Taraba, North-East, Nigeria

Abstract

Salmonella species are responsible for typhoid and paratyphoid fever in humans, as well as gastroenteritis in humans and other animals. Although infections caused by Salmonella are treatable using chemotherapy. Sadly, several antibiotics are now resisted by Salmonella. Hence, this research accessed the antibiogram of a total of 120 Salmonella isolates from food vendors (18.30%) and animal sources (81.7%) in Donga, Ibi, Takum, and Wukari. Isolates were subjected to an Agar disc diffusion test and the following results were produced. On the one hand, 83(84.6%), 73 (74.4%), 79 (80.6%), and 76 (77.6%) of the total 98 Salmonella isolates from animal sources were resistant to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin, Tetracycline, and Streptomycin, respectively. Also, all 98 (100%) isolates from this category were resistant to Ampicillin. On the other hand, Chloramphenicol, Gentamycin, Tetracycline, Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Streptomycin were resisted by 9 (56.3%), 4(25%), 7 (43.8%), 12 (75%) and 5 (31.3%) of the total 16 Non-Typhoidal Salmonella isolates from human sources respectively. 16.7% (1) of the 6 Typhoidal Salmonella isolates from this study were resisted by Augmentin and Streptomycin. Similarly, Chloramphenicol Tetracycline and Ampicillin were all opposed by 66.7% (4) of TS isolates. All isolates showed considerable susceptibility to, Cefotaxime, and Neomycin. Susceptibility and resistant attributes of antimicrobials are consequences to their limited and long-term usage respectively in chemotherapy and food production. Hence regulations should be intensified for antibiotics usage in both animal production and infection management. Also, opportunities for using plant extracts as alternatives to disease management and animal production should be maximized.