Abstract
Bacillary dysentery and acute gastroenteritis caused by infection of <i>Shigella</i> species are major public health burden in India and its neighboring countries. Emergence of antimicrobial resistance threatens to render current treatments ineffective. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on </i>Shigella boydii</i> (<i>S. boydii</i>) with respect of antimicrobial susceptibility assay, biochemical characteristics and biotyping. The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 9207) strain of S. <i>boydii</i> was used in this experiment. The study was conducted in revived and lyophilized state of <i>S. boydii</i>. Both revived (Group; Gr. II) and lyophilized (Gr. III) strain of <i>S. boydii</i> were subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. Gr. II was assessed on day 5 and day 10, while Gr. III on day 10 with respect to control (Gr. I). Sensitivity pattern of amoxicillin/k-clavulanate was improved from intermediate (I) to susceptible (S) with correspond to MIC value was also reduced by two folds (16/8 to ≤ 8/4 µg/mL) in both the treated groups as compared to control. The antimicrobial susceptibility of <i>S. boydii</i> showed 15% alteration in Gr. II on day 5, while significant (40%) alteration was found on day 10 as compared to control. The MIC values of antimicrobials for <i>S. boydii</i> also showed 12.50% alteration in Gr. II on day 5 while, significant alteration (59.38%) of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was found in Gr. II on day 10 as compared to control. It was observed that overall 69.70% biochemical reactions were changed in which 66.67% alteration was found in Gr. II on day 10 with respect to control. Moreover, biotype numbers were changed in all the treated groups without alteration of organism as compared to control. These results suggested that biofield treatment had significant impact on <i>S. boydii</i> in Gr. II on day 10 with respect to antimicrobial susceptibility, MIC and biochemical reactions pattern.
Highlights
Shigella boydii (S. boydii) is a non-motile, non-spore forming, non-lactose fermenting and Gram-negative rod shape bacterium that belongs to the family of Enterobacteriaceae
The antimicrobial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, biochemical reactions and biotype number were estimated with the help of MicroScan WalkAway® (Dade Behring Inc., West Sacramento, CA, USA) using negative breakpoint combo 30 (NBPC 30) panel
The outcome of S. boydii susceptibility pattern and MIC values of tested antimicrobials after biofield treatment are summarized in Table 1 and 2, respectively
Summary
Shigella boydii (S. boydii) is a non-motile, non-spore forming, non-lactose fermenting and Gram-negative rod shape bacterium that belongs to the family of Enterobacteriaceae. S. boydii mainly causes infections through contaminated food/water/soil or with fecal matter. It inhabits in the gut and rectum of humans and other primates [1, 2]. Shigella species are highly infective and virulent due to release of a potent cytotoxin known as ‘Shigatoxin’ which causes severe and sometimes fatal disease [4]. It does not produce gas from carbohydrates but ferments glucose predominantly which is one of its characteristic features [5].
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