Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection at the general outpatient department of some hospitals in Kebbi State, Nigeria

Abstract

The rise in antibiotic resistance could be a growing public health concern among agents of respiratory tract infection, which is liable for morbidity, mortality, and costs in Africa. This study was designed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) attending some Kebbi State, Nigeria hospitals. Three hundred and fifty sputum samples were collected from consented patients with the symptoms of LRTI attending six different hospitals in Kebbi State. The samples were all screened for significant bacterial growth using standard microbiological techniques. The bacterial isolates were identified using conventional biochemical tests and then confirmed using a commercial biochemical test kit (MICROBACT) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were identified using the disc diffusion method. Staphylococcus aureus was the foremost predominant bacteria isolated, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, with an estimated percentage occurrence of 31.1% and 22.2%, respectively. Other bacteria isolated include Klebsiella oxytoca (13.9%), Escherichia coli (11.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.6%), Aeromonas hydrophila (5.6%), Acinetobacter baumannii (4.6%), B. pseudomallei (2.8%) and Proteus spp (2.8%). Most of the isolates were ssusceptible to piperacilin (51%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (61%), Azithromycin (70%), Ciprofloxacin (71%) and Gentamycin (74%), so as of ranking. High resistance was recorded in βeta-lactam antibiotics, erythromycin and vancomycin tested. Finally, it was revealed that Staphylococcus aureus is the most predominant bacteria isolated. Most of the isolates were resistant to the β-lactam antibiotic tested. Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin, and piperacillin remain helpful antibiotics for treating LRTIs in these centers.