Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) based periodontal disease treatment has received extensive attention. However, the deep tissue location of periodontal plaque makes the conventional PDT encounter a bottleneck. Herein, upconversion fluorescent nanomaterial with near-infrared light excitation was introduced into the treatment of periodontal disease, overcoming the limited tissue penetration depth of visible light in PDT. Photosensitizer Ce6 molecules were combined with upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) NaYF4:Yb,Er with a novel strategy. The hydrophobic UCNPs were modified with amphiphilic silane, utilizing the hydrophobic chain of the silane to bind to the hydrophobic groups of the UCNPs through a hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction, and the Ce6 molecules were loaded in this hydrophobic layer. This achieves both the conversion of the hydrophobic to the hydrophilic surface and the loading of the oily photosensitizer molecules. Because the excitation position of the Ce6 molecule is in the red region, Mn ions were doped to enhance red light, and thus the improved PDT function. This Ce6 loaded UCNPs composites with efficient red upconversion luminescence show remarkable bacteriological therapeutic effect on Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum and the corresponding biofilms under 980 nm irradiation, indicating a high application prospect in the treatment of periodontal diseases.
Highlights
With the changes in human living habits, periodontal disease has become the "top chronic killer" in oral diseases [1]
Ayano et al investigated the antimicrobial PDT (aPDT) effect on P. gingivalis with photosensitizer rose bengal (RB) and the results show that aPDT from RB can effectively kill
When the upconversion nanocomposite is endocytosed by bacterial, the upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) can emit green and red light under the excitation of 980 nm NIR light, and the Ce6 molecules within the hydrophobic layer can be excited by the upconversion red emission, performing the aPDT function
Summary
With the changes in human living habits, periodontal disease has become the "top chronic killer" in oral diseases [1]. Periodontal treatment includes surgical and non-surgical methods. Non-surgical methods have attracted more and more attention, with an aim to avoid the above problems in controlling and treating periodontal disease. Photodynamic therapy is one of the most important non-surgical treatment methods, combining special photosensitizers with bio-optical techniques. This phototherapy method in dentistry, known as antimicrobial PDT (aPDT), displays efficient bactericidal performance for oral pathogens [3]. The basic principles of photodynamic therapy are as Molecules 2019, 24, 2692; doi:10.3390/molecules24152692 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
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