Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) biofilm is a common etiological factor in denture stomatitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of incorporating 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) as a protein repellent into a new high-impact denture acrylic (HIPA) resin on the surface roughness, solution pH, and C. albicans biofilm adhesion to the denture base. The new acrylic denture resin base was formulated by mixing MPC into HIPA resin at mass fractions of 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5%. Surface roughness was measured using a Mitutoyo surface roughness tester. C. albicans biofilm growth and viability were assessed via colony forming unit counts. The pH of the biofilm growth medium was measured using a digital pH meter. Adding MPC to the HIPA resin at percentages of 1.5% and 3% increased the roughness values significantly (p < 0.05), while adding 4.5% MPC resulted in no difference in roughness values to that of the control group (p > 0.05). All experimental groups demonstrated neutral pH values (pH ≅ 7) and were not significantly different from each other (p > 0.05). Incorporating 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine at 4.5% resulted in a significant (≅1 log) colony-forming unit reduction compared with the control group with 0% MPC (p < 0.05). A fungal-retarding denture acrylic resin was developed through the incorporation of MPC for its protein-repelling properties. This newly developed denture acrylic material has the potential to prevent oral microbial infections, such as denture stomatitis.
Highlights
In dentistry, partial or complete edentulism among the elderly remains a significant problem, as it affects nutrition, mastication, pronunciation, and overall quality of life (QoL)
The purpose was to investigate the lowest concentration of methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) that could be added to the high-impact denture acrylic (HIPA) resin to produce the highest protein-repelling properties without jeopardizing the surface roughness properties
Increasing the MPC percentage to 4.5% resulted in roughness values that were not different than that of the control group (p > 0.05)
Summary
Partial or complete edentulism among the elderly remains a significant problem, as it affects nutrition, mastication, pronunciation, and overall quality of life (QoL). A prevalent pathologic condition among denture wearers is denture stomatitis (DS), which was shown to affect up to 72% of complete denture wearers [2]. Denture stomatitis is a multifactorial inflammatory condition with an unknown specific etiology. The literature shows that the most common cause of DS is microbial biofilms, other factors that contribute to developing this condition include ill-fitted dentures, long-duration denture use, poor oral hygiene, xerostomia, and some systemic conditions such as diabetes [3,4,5]. Microorganisms found on the surface of dentures are organized in a complex biofilm structure composed mainly of an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Microorganisms enclosed in EPS have shown to be 1000-fold more resistant to host defense cells and antimicrobial agents (for example, disinfectants and antibiotics) than their planktonic counterpart [7]
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