Antibiofilm and enhanced antibiotic delivery by halloysite nanotubes architected dental implant against periodontitis

Abstract

Dental implant failure remains a predominant problem; poor integration and biofilm formation are the major glitches. The surface modification of implant improves it antibiotic delivery performance and nanostructure incorporation facilitates the versatile behavior. Herein, we have prepared PCPP functionalized HNT and it encapsulated with AMO and MS. FTIR confirms the PCPP coating over the HNT by formation of new peaks at 1640 and 1580 cm−1. Higher stability of HNT nanocomposites was denoted by its zeta value – 45.24 mV. The maximum release of 58% (AMO) and 62% (MS) from the nanocomposites was achieved at the acidic pH. PCPP coated MS-HNT nanocomposites forms lumen size ranging from 15 to 20 nm with uniform surface morphology. Simultaneously, bioactive MS-AMO-PCPP-HNT was deposited on the Ti–6Al–4V screw implant via electrophoretic deposition. The coating of HNT nanocomposites on titanium surface provides 7.24 μm thickness and adhesive strength of 24.6 MPa. After EPD of MS-AMO-PCPP-HNT on Ti–6Al–4V screw, the surface is fully covered by adequate bonding, stable coating, biocompatible and long-lasting antibacterial efficacy. The potentiodynamic study in the SBF shows that the coating provided corrosion protection of the screw. The coated Ti–6Al–4V screw surface composition enhances the biomineralization, promote the cell adhesion, proliferation and promote the soft tissue healing. Compared to the HNT, PCPP-HNT nanocomposites induces the ALP production, increase the cell proliferation rate at 20 μg/mL. In flow cytometry, biocompatible HNT nanocomposites exhibited lesser dead cells of 0.56%. HNT nanocomposites inhibit the 96% (E.coli) and 97% (S. aureus) bacterial inhibition and the rate were higher compared to the AMO alone. Also reduction of 78% of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm biomass, the coating is powerfully active against the both pathogenic microbes and bacterial biofilm of peri-implant infection. The nano-architected coating of Ti–6Al–4V screw has great potential in dental implantology.