Abstract
Dispersion of functional inorganic nano-fillers like TiO2 within polymer matrix is known to impart excellent photobactericidal activity to the composite. Epoxy resin systems with Ag+ ion doped TiO2 can have combination of excellent biocidal characteristics of silver and the photocatalytic properties of TiO2. The inorganic antimicrobial incorporation into an epoxy polymeric matrix was achieved by sonicating laboratory-made nano-scale anatase TiO2 and Ag-TiO2 into the industrial grade epoxy resin. The resulting epoxy composite had ratios of 0.5–2.0 wt% of nano-filler content. The process of dispersion of Ag-TiO2 in the epoxy resin resulted in concomitant in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles due to photoreduction of Ag+ ion. The composite materials were characterized by DSC and SEM. The glass transition temperature (Tg) increased with the incorporation of the nanofillers over the neat polymer. The materials synthesized were coated on glass petri dish. Anti-biofilm property of coated material due to combined release of biocide, and photocatalytic activity under static conditions in petri dish was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 and Escherichia coli K-12 under UV irradiation using a crystal violet binding assay. Prepared composite showed significant inhibition of biofilm development in both the organisms. Our studies indicate that the effective dispersion and optimal release of biocidal agents was responsible for anti-biofilm activity of the surface. The reported thermoset coating materials can be used as bactericidal surfaces either in industrial or healthcare settings to reduce the microbial loads.
Highlights
Biofilms are defined as communities of microorganisms that are developed on material surfaces.Prevention of microbial biofilm formation over the surface of materials is a technological imperative in health care
Antibacterial epoxy coatings for antibiofilm properties were tested against S. aureus and E. coli under static conditions in glass petri dish with UV-A irradiation, on the surfaces of TiO2 and Ag-TiO2
The investigation relates the preparation of antibiofilm composite coatings containing both photocatalytic non-leaching Ag-doped TiO2 and leaching silver biocide for production of potent oxidants (ROS) and silver species at the surface
Summary
Biofilms are defined as communities of microorganisms that are developed on material surfaces. Crystal violet (hexamethyl pararosaniline chloride) is such a dye, which binds proportionately to the peptidogly and can be a component of bacterial cell walls It has been used by Kwasny and Opperman [22] to evaluate the amount of biofilm formed by staining the thick peptidoglycan layer of Gram-positive bacteria, the thin peptidoglycan layer of Gram-negative bacteria. The color intensity of destaining solution after washing has been shown to be proportional to the quantity of biofilm formed This method makes more practical high-throughput screening of polymer surfaces for their antibiofilm activity. Composite materials suitable for coating was obtained by the addition of Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles into epoxy resin system, with the aim to achieve “in situ” formation of silver species by photoreduction. The antibiofilm activity of this composite system is exhibited by the actions of photokilling and release of biocide (Ag+/Ag0) upon contact with aqueous environment
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