Antibacterial therapy for kidney pathology of small pets

Abstract

The article considers etiological factors, clinical manifestations, laboratory and instrumental methods for diagnosing kidney pathology, which requires the use of antibacterial drugs – pyelonephritis. However, this pathology can be difficult to diagnose and not every antibacterial drug is suitable for its treatment. The main ways of kidney damage by bacterial infection in small domestic animals are ascending infection and hematogenous introduction, when pathogenic microorganisms enter the kidneys along with the bloodstream. The article provides predisposing factors leading to the development of pyelonephritis. Pyelonephritis has several types of course. The acute form of the disease is most easily diagnosed due to the vivid clinical signs and pronounced changes in blood, urine, and kidney sonography tests. Whereas the chronic form and latent course may be overlooked due to the nonspecific clinical picture. In the treatment of pyelonephritis, the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria can be fatal for the patient, because if it is impossible to eliminate infection in the kidneys, the development of renal failure is inevitable, leading to all manifestations of uremia, anemia and other changes that occur with impaired renal function. To prevent the development of antibiotic resistance, it is extremely important to make a final diagnosis through bacteriological urine culture, but pyelonephritis is a pathology that requires a comprehensive diagnostic approach and, if suspected, it is advisable to start etiological treatment immediately, correctly choosing an antibiotic. Not every antibacterial drug is suitable for the treatment of pyelonephritis. For example, one of the first-line drugs of choice in the treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI), amoxicillin with clavulanic acid does not penetrate the renal parenchyma. The group of choice for the treatment of bacterial inflammation of the kidneys are fluoroquinolones, but not every drug from this group is suitable for treatment in animals and there are certain restrictions in their use in the case of puppies, kittens, as well as in cats as a species, therefore, the selection of an antibiotic should be carried out individually in each clinical case, taking into account the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug, the result of urine sampling and other studies, as well as the physiological characteristics of the patient.