Abstract
ntroduction. The processing of most raw milk products can lead to contamination with unwanted microflora due to poor sanitation and hygienic conditions. The inadequate antibiotic use over the past decades has led to the emergence and wide spread of bacterial populations, particularly of Escherichia coli, which developed resistance to antibacterial drugs.Material and methods. Raw milk samples were obtained from clinically healthy cows on farms from Kiev and Poltava regions to identify E . coli, Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp. isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the EUCAST disk diffusion method and MU on “Determination of microbial susceptibility to antibacterial drugs”. Results. The examined milk samples revealed the presence of E . coli, Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. isolates, which proves poor sanitary and hygienic conditions of milk production process. Escherichia coli isolates were found susceptible to Ampicillin/sulbactam, Cefoxitin (100%), Meropenem, Tobramycin (100%), Netilin, Tigecycline, Nitroxoline (100%), Gatifloxacin, and Nitrofurantoin (100%). The studied E. coli isolates were found resistant to Ampicillin (100%), Imipenem, Tetracycline, and Doxycycline (100%). 41.7% of isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus were found resistant to Oxacillin, of which 90% were resistant to Benzylpenicillin and 20% to Rifampicin. Conclusions.The circulation of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains among farm animals is a major problem requiring a strategy development aimed to prevent the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance worldwide.
Highlights
The processing of most raw milk products can lead to contamination with unwanted microflora due to poor sanitation and hygienic conditions
The results of bacteriological studies showed that E. coli and Enterococcus spp. strains were found in 100% of raw milk samples; Staphylococcus spp. isolates – in 100%, including 87.5% of Staphylococcus epidermis and 12.5% of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus
The study results revealed the presence of E. coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Enterococcus spp. isolates in 100% of milk samples obtained from clinically healthy cows on livestock farms from Kiev and Poltava regions of Ukraine
Summary
The processing of most raw milk products can lead to contamination with unwanted microflora due to poor sanitation and hygienic conditions. Raw milk samples were obtained from clinically healthy cows on farms from Kiev and Poltava regions to identify E. coli, Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp. isolates. The examined milk samples revealed the presence of E. coli, Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. isolates, which proves poor sanitary and hygienic conditions of milk production process. A research on raw drinking milk on retail sale in England revealed pathogenic agents or signs of poor zoosanitary guidelines in almost half of the samples studied [2]. This problem occurs regard-less of the level of livestock farming and dairy industry development [3]. Staphylococcus aureus is the main pathogen of this genus, being responsible for up to
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