Antibacterial silver-containing silica glass prepared by sol–gel method

Abstract

Recently, various inorganic antibacterial materials containing silver have been developed and some of them are in commercial use. Colorless and more chemically durable materials which slowly release the silver ion for a long period are, however, desirable to be developed for medical applications such as composite resin for dental restoration. In the present study, Si(OC 2H 5) 4, Al(NO 3) 3·9H 2O, AgNO 3, HNO 3, C 2H 5OH and H 2O solutions with various Al/Ag atomic ratios under a constant Si/Ag atomic ratio of 1/0.023 were kept at 40°C for gelation and drying. Thus obtained gels were pulverized into fine powders with average particle size of approximately 10 μm and then heat-treated at 900–1000°C for 2 h. For the composition Al/Ag=0, a yellow-colored glass was formed, since the silver existed in the form of metallic colloids in the glass. However, for the compositions Al/Ag⩾1, colorless glasses were successfully obtained, since the silver existed in the form of Ag + ions in the glasses. For the composition Al/Ag=0, the silver ions got released rapidly into the water, whereas, for the compositions Al/Ag⩾1, they gradually got released into the water at a controlled rate. A composite of the obtained powders with Al/Ag atomic ratio of 1 with Bis-GMA/TEGDMA in 70 : 30 weight ratio showed excellent antibacterial property. The sol–gel derived silica glass powders containing silver with compositions Al/Ag⩾1 are believed to be useful as an antibacterial material for medical applications such as filler of composite resin for dental restoration.