Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nanotechnology has become a significant area of research focused mainly on increasing the antibacterial and mechanical properties of dental materials. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine and quantitatively analyze the current evidence for the addition of different nanoparticles into dental restorative materials, to determine whether their incorporation increases the antibacterial/antimicrobial properties of the materials. Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed in the Pubmed, Scopus, and Embase databases, up to December 2018, following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results: A total of 624 papers were identified in the initial search. After screening the texts and applying inclusion criteria, only 11 of these were selected for quantitative analysis. The incorporation of nanoparticles led to a significant increase (p-value < 0.01) in the antibacterial capacity of all the dental materials synthesized in comparison with control materials. Conclusions: The incorporation of nanoparticles into dental restorative materials was a favorable option; the antibacterial activity of nanoparticle-modified dental materials was significantly higher compared with the original unmodified materials, TiO2 nanoparticles providing the greatest benefits. However, the high heterogeneity among the articles reviewed points to the need for further research and the application of standardized research protocols.
Highlights
Nowadays, restorative dentistry is mainly based on adhesive dentistry, in which resin-based materials are the first choice for restoration procedures [1].this type of material tends to accumulate more biofilm than other restoration materials and dental hard tissues, such as enamel [2,3,4].The use of dental restorative materials suffers an inherent problem that develops over time, nearly half of all dental restorations fail within 10 years, and replacing them accounts for 50–70% of Medicina 2020, 56, 55; doi:10.3390/medicina56020055 www.mdpi.com/journal/medicinaMedicina 2020, 56, 55 all restorative dentistry [1,4]
Of the remaining 108 studies, the full texts were obtained and analyzed, discarding a further 26 articles, for the following reasons: studies focused on a cement used for a different purpose than dental bonding; publications not focused on evaluating properties corresponding to the objectives of the review; studies that did not add nanoparticles to a dental material, and so only evaluated the antibacterial properties of the nanoparticles by themselves; studies that focused on a resin material but not as a dental bonding material; studies that did not correspond to the research question; and in vivo investigations
The results showed that Ag and ZnO nanoparticles showed a much greater antibacterial effect on S. mutans than on Lactobacillus [3]
Summary
Restorative dentistry is mainly based on adhesive dentistry, in which resin-based materials are the first choice for restoration procedures [1].this type of material tends to accumulate more biofilm than other restoration materials and dental hard tissues, such as enamel [2,3,4].The use of dental restorative materials suffers an inherent problem that develops over time, nearly half of all dental restorations fail within 10 years, and replacing them accounts for 50–70% of Medicina 2020, 56, 55; doi:10.3390/medicina56020055 www.mdpi.com/journal/medicinaMedicina 2020, 56, 55 all restorative dentistry [1,4]. Restorative dentistry is mainly based on adhesive dentistry, in which resin-based materials are the first choice for restoration procedures [1]. This type of material tends to accumulate more biofilm than other restoration materials and dental hard tissues, such as enamel [2,3,4]. Nanotechnology has become a significant area of research focused mainly on increasing the antibacterial and mechanical properties of dental materials. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine and quantitatively analyze the current evidence for the addition of different nanoparticles into dental restorative materials, to determine whether their incorporation increases the antibacterial/antimicrobial properties of the materials. The high heterogeneity among the articles reviewed points to the need for further research and the application of standardized research protocols
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