Antibacterial Properties of Canine Platelet-Rich Plasma and Other Non-Transfusional Hemo-Components: An in vitro Study.

Anna-Rita Attili,Evelina Serri,Giacomo Rossi,Claudia Rifici,Vincenzo Cuteri,Martina Linardi,Cristina Iacoucci,Giuseppe Mazzullo,Andrea Cantalamessa,Adolfo Maria Tambella,Livio Galosi

doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.746809

Anna-Rita Attili, Evelina Serri + Show 9 more

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https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.746809

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Abstract

This in vitro study was carried out to evaluate the potential antibacterial properties of canine non-transfusional hemo-components. Therapeutic formulations commonly used for regenerative medicine purposes (platelet-rich plasma, platelet gel, platelet lysate, fibrin glue), considering both leukocyte-rich and leukocyte-poor formulations, but also platelet-poor plasma and activating substances (thrombin, calcium gluconate), were tested to detect elements with potential antimicrobial properties. The antibacterial effect was tested on different bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus subspecies aureus, Staphylococcus cohnii subspecies cohnii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies pneumoniae) isolated from canine wounds and classified as susceptible, multidrug-, extensively, and pandrug-resistant bacteria toward a known panel of human and veterinary antibiotics. The evaluation was carried out by agar gel diffusion method (Kirby–Bauer) and micro-inhibition in broth using microplates and spectrophotometer reading. The study findings confirmed the hypothesized antibacterial properties of canine non-transfusional hemo-components. A more effective bacteriostatic effect was found against Gram-negative bacteria, drug-resistant too. The presence of leukocytes or platelets does not appear to be essential for the antibacterial effect. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the exact mechanism of action of the antimicrobial activity. However, non-transfusional hemo-components could be a useful natural aid in controlling bacterial infections in dogs.

Highlights

In order to detect any elements potentially endowed with antimicrobial properties, we explored the antimicrobial activity of platelet concentrates (PCs) (PRP, platelet gel (PG), platelet lysate (PL), fibrin glue (FG)) against susceptible (S), multidrug-resistant (MDR) extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms isolated from canine wounds
An articular infiltration of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was practiced in each dog for the management of degenerative joint disease; an aliquot of whole blood in excess of the amount needed for PRP preparation was used for the in vitro investigations of the present study
In leukocyte-rich plateletpoor plasma (L-PPP), platelet count decreased approximately 142fold compared with leukocyte PRP (L-PRP) and leukocytes decreased approximately 45-fold

Summary

Introduction

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multifaceted topic at the interface of human, animal, and plant health, food hygiene, and environmental sciences, resulting to be a major global public health issue of the 21st century [1, 2].To counter this increasing phenomenon, both in human and in veterinary medicine, more and more scientists are looking for molecules that can assist or replace the action of antibiotics.Antibacterial Properties of Canine Hemo-ComponentsThe topical use of non-transfusional hemo-components or autologous platelet concentrates (PCs), including platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet gel (PG), platelet lysate (PL), and fibrin glue (FG), has gained great popularity during the past 20 years; they have been used, mainly for their regenerative properties, in a variety of human medical fields such as orthopedics [3,4,5,6,7], wound healing [8,9,10,11,12], ophthalmology [13,14,15], and dentistry [16,17,18,19,20]. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multifaceted topic at the interface of human, animal, and plant health, food hygiene, and environmental sciences, resulting to be a major global public health issue of the 21st century [1, 2]. To counter this increasing phenomenon, both in human and in veterinary medicine, more and more scientists are looking for molecules that can assist or replace the action of antibiotics. Systematic reviews of current literature considering in vitro, preclinical, and clinical studies have shown that PCs may have antibacterial properties [54,55,56]

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