Abstract
Background: Vibriosis is currently still a major problem in marine aquaculture and is highly dependent on availability of antibacterial agents in its handling. Investigation of antibacterial potential of the coastal plants of Bidara Laut (Ximenia americana) has been carried out. Methods: Parts of the X. americana plant taken are Old Fruit, Young Fruit, Old Leaf, and Young Leaf. A total of ± 200 grams of each part of X. americana plant was taken to be extracted using maceration method. The antibacterial activity test was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) media. Observations were made in time units, namely every 6 hours of incubation for 24 hours. Results: The tested extract of plant parts of X. americana showed an inhibition zone against the growth of V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus bacteria in each replication in all-time units of observation. Of the four types of extracts tested, old leaves showed strong category resistance to V. alginolyticus with the highest clear zone diameter of 16 mm (average 14.67 mm) at 6 hours incubation. Young leaves gave the highest of 18 mm (average 16.33 mm) against V. parahaemolyticus at 6 hours incubation. Conclusions: X. americana plants have potential for antibacterial against Vibriosis disease in aquaculture. The ability of power to be seen tended to decrease for all tests until the end of observation, but until the end of observation, the ability of extract inhibition of all parts of the plant was still in the moderate to strong category.
Highlights
The Ximenia americana L. plant is reported to have been widely used in the treatment of various types of diseases in traditional medicine especially in the state of Ceará, where it is known as a shrub
X. americana plant parts such as leaves, roots, bark, fruit are used for the treatment of diabetes, ulcers, cancer, malaria, fever, diarrhea, and inflammation (Siddaiah et al, 2011)
In vitro activity was tested against gramnegative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram-positive (Staphyloccocus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Bacillus subtilis)
Summary
Vibriosis saat ini masih menjadi masalah utama dalam usaha budidaya perikanan laut dan sangat tergantung pada ketersediaan antibakteri dalam penanganannya. Uji aktivitas antibakteria dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi cakram Kirby-Bauer pada media Muller Hinton Agar (MHA). Hasil: Ekstrak bagian tumbuhan X. americana yang diujikan menunjukkan adanya zona hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri V. alginolyticus dan V. parahaemolyticus pada setiap ulangan dalam semua satuan waktu pengamatan. Dari empat jenis ekstrak yang diujikan, daun tua memperlihatkan resistensi dengan kategori kuat terhadap V. alginolyticus dengan diameter zona bening tertinggi sebesar 16 mm (rata-rata 14,67 mm) pada inkubasi 6 jam. Daun muda memberikan tertinggi sebesar 18 mm (rata rata 16,33 mm) terhadap V. parahaemolyticus pada inkubasi 6 jam. Kemampuan daya terlihat cenderung menurun untuk semua uji sampai akhir pengamatan, namun sampai akhir pengamatan kemampuan daya hambat ekstrak semua bagian tanaman masih dalam kategori sedang hingga kuat
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