Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the antibacterial effects of 0.1% chlorine dioxide and 0.1% chlorhexidine mouthrinses on the bacterial viability of Actinomyces sp. as an agent of black stain.Methods: The authors conducted a clinical trial involving 16 children ages 6–11 with at least 8 black-stained teeth. Subjects were randomized into 2 groups and instructed to rinse with chlorine dioxide or chlorhexidine mouthrinse twice daily. At baseline and after 7 days, samples of black stain plaque were collected, and Actinomyces sp. was cultured. Its bacterial viability was evaluated using an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay.Results: After 7 days, Actinomyces sp. viability was remarkably reduced in both groups, and there was a significantly higher reduction in viability in the 0.1% chlorine dioxide group than there was in the 0.1% chlorhexidine group.Conclusion: Mouthrinse containing 0.1% chlorine dioxide has a greater antibacterial effect against Actinomyces sp. than mouthrinse containing 0.1% chlorhexidine.
Highlights
Dental black stain is a type of extrinsic discoloration that can affect deciduous and permanent teeth
After 7 days of rinsing, there were statistically significant differences compared with baseline in Actinomyces sp. bacterial viability in both the chlorine dioxide and the chlorhexidine groups, with p=0.001 and p=0.010 (p
A statistically significantly greater reduction in Actinomyces sp. bacterial viability was found in the chlorine dioxide group after 7 days compared to that found in the chlorhexidine group after the same period
Summary
Dental black stain is a type of extrinsic discoloration that can affect deciduous and permanent teeth. The clinical diagnosis of dental black stain is based on the presence of pigmented dark lines that run parallel to the gingival margin, rarely extending beyond the cervical-third of the tooth crown [*1,2]. The prevalence of black stain varies by age, population, and country. In Europe, the prevalence of black stain varies from 2% (Great Britain) to 4% (Poland), 6% (Italy), and 7% (Valencia, Spain). In South America, the prevalence ranges from 6% (Peru) to 15% (Brazil). On the Asian continent, it varies from 16% (Philippines) to 18% (India) [3,4]. In Indonesia, the prevalence of black stain is approximately 5% [5]
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